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ARTICLES

Framing immigration to and deportation from the United States: Guatemalan and Salvadoran families make meaning of their experiences

, &
Pages 275-296 | Received 30 Aug 2009, Accepted 02 Jun 2010, Published online: 25 Mar 2011
 

Abstract

The United States (US) deportation system and its recent applications have profound implications for the integrity and well-being of immigrant families. Since harsh policies were adopted in 1996, millions of non-citizens, mostly from Mexico and Central America, have been forced to leave the US. Despite the large numbers of people directly threatened by the deportation system, little is known about how it affects Central American immigrant children and families. A participatory action research project was designed in collaboration with local immigrant organizations to (1) document the impact of deportation policy on Guatemalan and Salvadoran immigrant families and (2) collaboratively develop services and advocacy that reflect local constructions of needs and strengths within these families. This paper reports analyses of interviews with 18 families; interviews explored participants’ experiences and meaning-making of detention, deportation, and other forces that threaten their families. Analyses of interviews demonstrate how participants construct, deconstruct, and reconstruct the significance of current risks posed by the US deportation system; how these risks intersect with other threats to families, including poverty, state-sponsored violence, and previous migrations; and participants’ responses to these risks. Implications for sustaining collaborative relationships toward enhancing human service work, community organizing, and redressing injustices are discussed.

El sistema de deportaciones en Estados Unidos [EEUU] y su implementación reciente tienen implicaciones profundas para la integridad y el bienestar de las familias inmigradas. Desde que en 1996 se adoptaron políticas duras y severas, millones de inmigrantes no-ciudadanos, en su mayoría procedentes de México y Centro América, han sido obligados a salir de EEUU. Pese a la gran cantidad de personas sobre quienes pende la amenaza del sistema de deportación, se conoce poco sobre cómo el mismo afecta a los niños y familias inmigrantes Centroamericanos. En colaboración con organizaciones locales de inmigrantes se ha diseñado un proyecto de investigación acción participativa con el objeto de (1) documentar el impacto de la política de deportaciones en familias inmigrantes guatemaltecas y salvadoreñas y (2) de manera colaborativa, desarrollar servicios y promover políticas que reflejen los planteamientos que dichas familias hacen de sus propias necesidades y fortalezas. En este trabajo se plantea el análisis de entrevistas con 18 familias, entrevistas que exploran la experiencia y construcción de significado que las y los participantes han hecho de las detenciones, deportaciones y otras amenazas que pesan sobre sus familias. El análisis de las entrevistas evidencia cómo las y los participantes construyen, de-construyen y reconstruyen el significado de los riesgos que actualmente plantea el sistema de deportación de EEUU, y cómo estos riesgos intersectan con otras amenazas que encaran las familias, entre las cuales se encuentran la pobreza, la violencia emanada del Estado y las migraciones previas, así como las respuestas de los participantes ante dichos riesgos. También se analizan la sostenibilidad de relaciones de colaboración en el proceso de promover el trabajo de servicios sociales, de organización comunitaria y por la reparación de las injusticias incurridas.

Notes

1. The language that describes participants in this project, i.e., ‘illegal alien’, ‘illegal immigrant’, ‘illegal’ creates a blurring of boundaries between the ‘immigrant’ and the ‘criminal’, and is not neutral, reflecting rather the US's history with immigration, race, and ethnicity (Flores, Citation2003). This discourse has profound implications for understandings of and attitudes and practices toward immigrants, the border and the nation. In this paper we use ‘undocumented immigrant’, although we acknowledge that others who share the concerns articulated here use the term ‘unauthorized immigrant“. No single term fully reflects the complexities articulated and discussed in this paper.

2. Pseudonyms have been used in this paper to protect participant confidentiality.

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