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ARTICLES

The neoliberal mom: how a discursive coalition shapes low-income mothers’ labor market participation

Pages 501-518 | Received 22 Oct 2014, Accepted 10 Jun 2015, Published online: 05 Oct 2015
 

Abstract

Research has elucidated the conflict low-income mothers face when trying to comply with the imperatives of the neoliberalism and mothering discourses. Feminist scholars have argued that low-income mothers’ alternative conceptions of morality and behavior constitute an act of resistance to inferiorizing definitions embedded in these discourses. Drawing on this literature, I offer a new conceptualization of the seemingly contradictory discourses. Based on interviews with 48 low-income Israeli mothers, I suggest that the neoliberal ideology is not limited to the neoliberal discourse, which primarily measures the individual's commitment to the labor market, but rather has diffused into the mothering discourse, which sets the standards for good mothering. This diffusion constructs a discursive coalition of ‘neoliberal moms’, wherein the current hegemonic notion of good mothering and the neoliberal call for personal responsibility intersect and shape mothers’ perceptions and decision-making processes. Moreover, the neoliberal mom constructs an alternative morality: moral motherhood. Accordingly, the moral component of good mothering means taking personal responsibility to act in ways that promote one's children's future inclusion. I argue that the discursive coalition framework helps us to better understand mothers’ labor force entries and exits, and how these constitute a way of negotiating paths to social inclusion.

La recherche a résolu le problème que les mères aux ressources limitées affrontent pour satisfaire à la fois les exigences du néolibéralisme et les débats sur la maternité. Les universitaires et les chercheurs en sciences sociales féministes ont soutenu que les conceptions alternatives de la moralité et du comportement des mères aux ressources limitées constituent un acte de résistance aux définitions qui leur donnent un statut inférieur dans ces débats. En me référant à cette littérature, je propose une nouvelle conception de ces débats apparemment contradictoires. Sur la base des interviews de 48 mères israéliennes aux ressources limitées, je suggère que l'idéologie néolibérale n'est pas limitée au discours néolibéral qui se préoccupe essentiellement du comportement des personnes sur le marché du travail, mais qu'elle est apparue dans les débats sur la maternité, qui imposent les normes de ce qu'est une bonne mère. Cette diffusion crée une coalition discursive de ‘mères néolibérales’, dans laquelle la notion hégémonique actuelle d'une bonne mère et l'exigence néolibérale de la responsabilité personnelle des femmes se rejoignent et déterminent les perceptions des mères et les processus de prises de décisions. De plus, les mères néolibérales élaborent une moralité alternative: la maternité morale. En conséquence, être une bonne mère moralement parlant signifie prendre des responsabilités personnelles pour agir de manière à promouvoir la future intégration sociale de ses enfants. Je soutiens que cette coalition discursive nous aide à mieux comprendre les entrées et les sorties du marché du travail de la population active des mères et la manière dont ces entrées et ces sorties constituent un moyen de se frayer un chemin vers l'intégration sociale.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes on contributor

Einat Lavee is a post-doctoral fellow at the Center on Poverty and Inequality, Stanford University. Einat completed her Ph.D. in the Sociology Department, Bar Ilan University. Her research interests lie in the areas of poverty and motherhood, social support, agency-based support, and the welfare state.

Notes

1 This definition differs from other uses of this term. Hajer (Citation1993), for example, described a ‘discursive coalition’ as a group of actors who share a social construct (p. 45).

2 While the neoliberalism's effects vary from one country to another, based on studies of motherhood around the globe, Vandenbeld-Giles (2014) argued that neoliberal social policy has influenced all mothers, although more often those from racially and economically marked groups. The variation in social policies relevant to neoliberal mothering in various countries is beyond the scope of this paper; see Vandenbeld-Giles (2014) for more details.

3 As for the ethics and human subjects procedures: As a former doctoral student in the social sciences at the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Bar-Ilan University, I participated in several departmental workshops about ethics in research. The research procedures, including human subjects procedures, were approved by my dissertation committee and a board of three external reviewers.

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