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ARTICLES

Paternalism and the paradox of work–life balance: discourse and practice

Pages 227-241 | Received 20 Oct 2015, Accepted 05 Dec 2015, Published online: 12 Feb 2016
 

Abstract

Drawing on Lewis, Rapoport, and Gambles’ [(2007). The constraints of a ‘work–life balance’ approach: An international perspective. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(3), 360–373] critical treatment of ‘work–life balance’ (WLB) as a western, neoliberal discourse with problematic assumptions of gender and culture neutrality; this study examines the ways in which WLB discourse(s) are translated and adopted within transnational call centres in India. Discursive understandings suggest that work–life balance negotiations are filtered through two dominant discourses: neoliberalism/individualism and collectivism–paternalism. The contradictions between these discourses are explored using Critical Discourse Analysis by examining qualitative interviews with 50 call centres in South India. Analysis reveals that work–life balance terminology and discourses were used to describe a form of ‘global modernity,' an extension of professionalism and neoliberal working practices. On the shop floor however, organizational cultures were heavily paternalistic and the workplace was viewed as an extended family whose role was to nurture, care for and protect workers. The westernized work–life discourse was described as an idealized norm for tidy, segmented lives, while the ‘messy’ reality of living of family and community life and blurring of boundaries could not be accounted for within this discourse. This study illuminates a central message in Suzan Lewis' body of work: that context matters.

En nous basant sur le traitement critique de la conciliation entre vie professionnelle et vie privée de Lewis et al. (2007) comme un discours occidental et néo-libéral, avec des présomptions problématiques de neutralité des sexes et de culture; cette étude examine les manières dont les discours sur la conciliation vie professionnelle et vie privée sont traduites et adoptées dans le contexte des centres d'appels transnationaux en Inde. Les compréhensions discursives suggèrent que les négociations sur la conciliation entre vie professionnelle et vie privée soient filtrées à travers deux discours dominants : le néo-libéralisme/individualisme et le collectivisme/paternalisme. Les contradictions entre ces discours sont explorées en utilisant l'approche « Critical Discourse Analysis » (l'Analyse Critique du Discours), en examinant des interviews qualitatives avec 50 centres d'appel dans le sud de l'Inde. L'analyse révèle que la terminologie et les discours sur la conciliation entre vie professionnelle et vie privée étaient utilisés pour décrire une sorte de « modernité globale », une extension du professionnalisme et des pratiques du travail néo-libérales. Cependant, sur le lieu de travail, les cultures organisationnelles étaient fortement paternalistes et le lieu de travail était considéré comme la famille élargie dont le rôle était de former, protéger, et prendre soin des ouvriers. Le discours occidentalisé de la conciliation entre vie professionnelle et vie privée était décrit comme une norme idéalisée pour des vies bien organisées et segmentées, tandis que la réalité ‘désordonnée’ de vivre la vie de famille et de communauté et le brouillage de frontières ne pourrait pas être représenté dans ce discours. Cette étude illumine le message central de l'ensemble de l’œuvre de Suzan Lewis: l'importance du contexte.

Acknowledgements

My grateful thanks to Professor Sue Lewis for being an inspiration to me both personally and in my research life; and to all the participants who shared so generously of themselves. My voice comes to life because of VRR, Jaya, Jana, Pranita, Keith and Dylan. I am also grateful for the gentle yet expert guidance of the special issue editors and reviewers.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes on contributor

Dr Sweta Rajan-Rankin is a lecturer in Social Policy and Sociology at Brunel University London. Her research interests centre on transnational work practices, gender performativity and cultural discourses of work–life balance. She is particularly interested in the mechanisms and processes by which global and new economy work cultures are translated into everyday social practices of offshore workers in developing country contexts.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Richard Benjamin Memorial Trust for Social and Occupational Psychology [grant number RBT110].

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