School culture, climate and ethos: interchangeable or distinctive concepts?

Abstract

The terms school culture, climate and ethos appear to be used interchangeably. Within the context of differing national environments there is, however, a tendency to use climate when objective data is under consideration, ethos when more subjective descriptors are involved, and culture when these two are brought together as an integrative force in investigation or debate. Much in-service education makes use of these terms as the basis of understanding events and outcomes in many areas of continuing professional development work. This article outlines the findings of a literature search, which was directed at securing a greater consistency in the use of the terms. Whilst it concludes that there is a tendency to use the terms as outlined above, it illustrates the need for clarification of terms in any appropriate investigation or reporting.