Young mothers in late modernity: sacrifice, respectability and the transformative neo-liberal subject

Abstract

In this paper, the experiences of young mothers are examined in the contemporary context of a heightened emphasis on individuated personhood and suggestions of a vastly changed modern femininity. Sociological preoccupation with the features of post-industrial society has emphasized the declining influence of preordained and institutionalized structures. The declining influence of such structures in turn ushers in new requirements for personal agency and decision-making. Under the influence of such posited de-traditionalization, the family is widely conceived to be constituted less through obligation and more through negotiation. Understandings of the regulatory dimensions of neo-liberalism and the post-feminist sensibility are drawn on to consider how young women are implicated in this landscape of de-traditionalization and individualism. This paper reports on Australian empirical research with young women who are mothers that reveals the continuation of supposedly outmoded but evidently enduring features of traditional motherhood. Significantly, though, these supposedly superseded gendered features of family life are now encountered amidst the requirements of reflexive modernity, and it is argued that they are responded to in ways that reflect transformations in the experience of the personal; particularly the construction of individualized biographies of reinvention through motherhood.

Keywords:

• femininity
• attitudes
• gender
• parenthood
• neo-liberalism

Notes

1. In addition to this, some of the information gathered in the interviews was appropriate for quantitative analysis. The quantitative methods used were descriptive statistics, graphical representations of the qualitative information, and calculations of non-parametric statistical significance.

2. The exact length of secondary schooling varies by state in Australia. Students enter the secondary school system at Year 7 or 8 and are usually aged 12 or 13. Year 12 is the final year of senior secondary school in all states.