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The Imaging Science Journal Volume 47, 1999 - Issue 3
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Original Articles

Electroless deposition catalysed by gold in the photographic gelatin layer studied with positron annihilation

Y.H. ZhangDepartment of Applied Chemistry, University of Seience and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
,
Z.F. GongDepartment of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
,
G.X. ZhangDepartment of Applied Chemistry, University of Seience and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
,
Z.Q. JiangDepartment of Applied Chemistry, University of Seience and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
,
X.G. XuDepartment of Applied Chemistry, University of Seience and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
,
T.T. YanDepartment of Applied Chemistry, University of Seience and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
,
S.Q. YuDepartment of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
,
S.Y. ZhuangInstitute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai, People’s Republic of China
&
B.X. PengInstitute of Photographic Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
 show all
Pages 163-168 | Received 10 Oct 1999, Accepted 12 Jan 2000, Published online: 08 Jul 2016
 
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Abstract

The effects of free volume holes in the photographic gelatin in the electroless deposition process was studied by positron annihilation technology in this paper. The results show that, after complete activation, the average volume of the free volume holes in photographic gelatin decreased by about 0.011 nm3 which is equivalent to the volume of a gold atom. On an average basis, every free volume hole was filled by a gold atom which catalysed the electroless copper deposition. The copper grain formed in the electroless copper deposition was not filamentary in shape but a spherical stack. After electroless copper deposition was completed, the average volume of the free volume holes in the photographic gelatin decreased by about 0.020 nm3 which is equivalent to the volume of three copper atoms. Therefore, the deposition of copper in isotropic and spherical form was not hindered by free volume holes in photographic gelatin.

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