Designing of an optical vortices phase mask and used in the frequency domain of linear canonical transform for double image encryption

ABSTRACT

We present an improved cryptographic system that utilizes optical vortex to implement double image encryption. Each of the grayscale images has been encrypted individually using DRPE. Phase mask incorporating optical vortexes (OV) and RPMs has been handed down in Fourier, space spectrum. Multiply the image to be encrypted by OV, and then perform direct and reverse LCT conversion on the resulting LCT to create the encrypted image. The resemblance can be recovered from the encrypted image by using the correct LCT and OV parameters. Digitalization has been performed using MATLAB (R2020a). In addition to the RPM, OV, and conversion sequence associated with LCT, are additional keys that cause difficulties for unauthorized users. The proposed scheme, therefore, is more secure than conventional technology. In addition, the RMSE between the restored image and the authentic image corroborates the efficacy of the strategy. Results of the numerical analysis demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of the system.

KEYWORDS:

• LCT
• OV
• RMSE
• noise attacks
• entropy
• DRPE
• Entropy
• SSIM

Acknowledgement

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University Abha 61421, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for funding this work through the Large Groups Project under grant number RGP.2/225/43.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this manuscript.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

H. Singh

Dr. H. Singh is currently working as a Professor (Physics) & Head Department of Applied Sciences of The NorthCap University, Gurugram, India. He has completed B. Sc and M. Sc degree from MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly and Ph.D. degree from Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India, 1995, 1997 and 2003, respectively. He has a teaching experience of more than 22 years to undergraduate and postgraduate students. He has 80 research paper publications in reputed journals and has 75 papers presented in national, international conferences and workshops as well. Dr Singh supervised 06 Ph.D students and others are doing. He was awarded best Research Paper award as a first author in a year 2014, also recipient of Prestigious Deokaran Award for “Glass”- 2018 by the Indian Ceramic Society, CSIR (CGCRI). Under best faculty award, Dr Singh is awarded best researcher award in the academic year 2021–22 by The NorthCap University, Gurgram, India. He is faculty adviser of The NorthCap University OPTICA student Chapter. He was Co-PI and Mentor of DRDO and DST research funded project. He is senior member of The Optical Society (OPTICA), The Optical Society of India (OSI). He was also Associate Editor of IET Image Processing Journal.

V. Tirth

Dr. V. Tirth, Ph.D., is working as Associate Professor in Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia since 2015. Formerly he has worked as Professor in Mechanical Engineering and Director at Moradabad Institute of Technology, India. He has over 50 research publications, 10 patents and more than 25 presentations and invited talks in conferences and seminars. He has been the member of the board of studies and advisory committees of many institutions. He has completed 20 sponsored research projects to date and presently he is working on five projects. He is a member of Institution of Engineers, Indian Society for Technical education and many more. He is a reviewer of many international journals of repute viz. ASME Transactions, Metallurgical Transactions A, Measurements, Jr. of Engineering Research, ASM Jr of Materials Engineering and Performance etc. He has organized many national and international conferences and won many awards in his academic and professional life.

R. K. Singh

Sen. Prof. (Dr.) R. K. Singh Vice-Chancellor ICFAI University Dehradun, UK, India. He has over 30 years of teaching, research, administrative, and consultancy experience in top institutions & universities in India and abroad. He worked on various top academic & administrative positions during the tenure of his work. He is a fellow member of various national and international academic, research and administrative professional societies. He has done degrees, B.E. (Hons.) Civil Engineering, M.E. in Civil Engineering and Ph.D. in the area of Hydraulics & Water Resources Engineering from a premier University BITS-Pilani, Pilani India. Awarded by JSPS Post-Doctoral Fellowship since 2002-2004. He is recipient of over 20 top national and international academic and research awards. He has developed and taught over 50 different courses at the graduate, postgraduate and pre-Ph.D. classes and supervised 100 above of Master degree thesis and 20 PhD degree thesis presently there are 8 on-going PhD work under his supervision. He has over 150 research papers in reputed peer reviewed Journals and conference proceedings. He has authored 5 books of his credit. He has 8 national and international published patents out of that 5 international patents are granted in the latest thrust areas of engineering and technology. He has experience of working for national and international quality accreditations including ABET accreditation of USA. He has visited all major continents including USA, Europe, Japan, South Korea, Africa, Middle East countries on research, teaching and collaborative assignments as a research fellow and professor over a decade time. He has organized 5 international conferences with national and international financial supports. He also chaired various sessions and did panel discussions in various national and international conferences, invited talks and guest lectures, FDP and Keynote address. He has completed several national and international research projects as principal investigator funded by DST Govt of India, GTZ Germany, SNV Netherland, JSPS Japan, UNESCO, IUSSTF, UKERI etc. His future commitment is to give the top leadership role through institutional building as an educationist, research and academic activities and academic policies at national and international level through his vast national and international diverse experience and peer relations.

A. Algahtani

Dr. A. Algahtani, Ph.D., is working as Associate Professor in Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Dr. Ali has completed his Ph.D. from University of Leeds, UK in 2013, Master of Science (Mechanical) from University of Adelaide, Australia in 2007 and Bachelor of Science Degree with THIRD HONOR in Mechanical Engineering in 2003 from King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM) in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Dr. Ali has over 75 publications in indexed journals and 5 patents. He has won many awards in academic and research. He has many administrative portfolios. His specialization is in materials science and his research interests include microstructure characterization, wear, tribology, and surface engineering. He has completed 10 research projects and working on 3 projects.

S. Islam

Mr. S. Islam is working as Lecturer in Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. He did his M.Tech degree from Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee. He has completed his B.Tech degree from Zakir Hussain College of Engineering, A.M.U, Aligarh. He is the life member of Indian Society of Technical Education, International Association of Engineers and International Association of Protective Structures. He has published several papers in International journal. His research interests include Slope stability, Natural Hazards, Water Resource management, Renewable energy, Hydrological modelling.