![Sample our Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health journals, sign in here to start your FREE access for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5944/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Medicine-Dentistry-Nursing-Allied-Health.jpg"})
Abstract
Objective: To investigate associations between cardiovascular disease risk factors, including fasting glucose, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), LDL-c, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), C-peptide, creatinine kinase, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, C-reactive protein as well as homocysteine levels and cardiovascular events.
Methods: Data from 1545 men aged ≥40 years, with testosterone deficiency (TD) (<300 ng/dL) and non-TD (≥300 ng/dL) which were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database 2011–2012 and analyzed.
Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed positive associations between TD and BMI (≥35 vs. < 18.5: OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.19–5.32, p = .016), HDL-c (<0.91 vs. ≥0.91: OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.14–2.24, p = .006) and diabetes (diabetes vs. non-diabetes: OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.14–1.92, p = .004) as well as negative associations between TD and metabolic equivalent scores (≥12 vs. <12: OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.52–0.91, p = .009) and smoking (Ever vs. never: OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51–0.94, p = .018). Furthermore, total serum testosterone levels were lower in patients with heart failure (p = .04) and angina/angina pectoris (p = .001) compared with subjects without these cardiac problems.
Conclusion: Low serum testosterone was associated with multiple risk factors for CHD.
Acknowledgements
The authors were solely responsible for the conception and performance of this study and the writing of this manuscript.
Disclosure statement
CX and BP are employees of MSD during the conduct of the study. CD, ZZ, HL and ASD have no competing financial or other interests to declare.
Data availability statement
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
Additional information
Funding
Notes on contributors
Chunhua Deng
CD, ZZ, HL, CX, BP and ASD were responsible for the conception and design of the study. CD and ZZ were responsible for acquisition of data. HL, CX, BP and ASD performed the data analysis. HL and ASD drafted the manuscript. All authors participated in interpretation of the findings and approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors confirm that the content has not been published elsewhere and does not overlap with or duplicate their published work.
Zhichao Zhang
CD, ZZ, HL, CX, BP and ASD were responsible for the conception and design of the study. CD and ZZ were responsible for acquisition of data. HL, CX, BP and ASD performed the data analysis. HL and ASD drafted the manuscript. All authors participated in interpretation of the findings and approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors confirm that the content has not been published elsewhere and does not overlap with or duplicate their published work.
Hongjun Li
CD, ZZ, HL, CX, BP and ASD were responsible for the conception and design of the study. CD and ZZ were responsible for acquisition of data. HL, CX, BP and ASD performed the data analysis. HL and ASD drafted the manuscript. All authors participated in interpretation of the findings and approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors confirm that the content has not been published elsewhere and does not overlap with or duplicate their published work.
Peng Bai
CD, ZZ, HL, CX, BP and ASD were responsible for the conception and design of the study. CD and ZZ were responsible for acquisition of data. HL, CX, BP and ASD performed the data analysis. HL and ASD drafted the manuscript. All authors participated in interpretation of the findings and approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors confirm that the content has not been published elsewhere and does not overlap with or duplicate their published work.
Xian Cao
CD, ZZ, HL, CX, BP and ASD were responsible for the conception and design of the study. CD and ZZ were responsible for acquisition of data. HL, CX, BP and ASD performed the data analysis. HL and ASD drafted the manuscript. All authors participated in interpretation of the findings and approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors confirm that the content has not been published elsewhere and does not overlap with or duplicate their published work.
Adrian Sandra Dobs
CD, ZZ, HL, CX, BP and ASD were responsible for the conception and design of the study. CD and ZZ were responsible for acquisition of data. HL, CX, BP and ASD performed the data analysis. HL and ASD drafted the manuscript. All authors participated in interpretation of the findings and approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors confirm that the content has not been published elsewhere and does not overlap with or duplicate their published work.