The other orientalists

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Notes

1 For earlier examples, see for instance, Raymond Schwab, The Oriental Renaissance: Europe's Rediscovery of India and the East, 1680–1880, New York: Columbia University Press, 1984; Wilhelm Halbfass, India and Europe: An Essay in Understanding, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1988; Donald F. Lach, Asia in the Making of Europe, Vol. 1 of 3, Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1994.

2 Edward W. Said, Orientalism, New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.

3 The ‘invention’ rather than discovery of Hinduism by Western scholars is hotly contested amongst ‘constructionists’ and ‘counter-constructionists’. See Marianne Keppens and Esther Bloch (eds), Rethinking Religion in India, New York: Routledge, 2009, pp 1–22, for an overview of the debate.

4 Nitish Sengupta, Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib, London: Penguin, 2011.

5 To state just one example of scholarly work on women's representations of the orient, see Billie Melman, Women's Orients: English Women and the Middle East, 1718–1918, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1992. There is a rich body of scholarship on women's orients, by the likes of Anne K. Mellor, Isobel Grundy, Claire Grogan and Sonja Lawrenson.

6 John Dryden, Aureng-zebe, University of Nebraska Press, [1676] 1971.

7 Robert Southey and Daniel Sanjiv Roberts (eds), The Curse of Kehama, Vol. 4 of 5 of Robert Southey: Poetical Works, 1793–1810, Gen. ed. Lynda Pratt, London: Pickering and Chatto, 2004; Percy B Shelley and Bruce Woodcock (eds), The Selected Poetry Prose of Shelley, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions, 2002, pp 401–3.

8 Philip Woodruff, The Men Who Ruled India, London: Cape, 1953, p 56; Romesh Chunder Dutt, The Economic History of India, New York: A.M. Kelley, 1969, p 138; Partha Chatterjee, The Black Hole of Empire, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012, p 5.