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Culture, Health & Sexuality
An International Journal for Research, Intervention and Care
Volume 11, 2009 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

An investigation of the phenomenon of non‐consensual sex among Maori men who have sex with men

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Pages 35-49 | Received 04 Dec 2007, Accepted 16 Sep 2008, Published online: 18 Feb 2009
 

Abstract

Instances of non‐consensual sex (NCS) among men are highly under‐reported. The research that has been conducted into this issue shows, however, that men who have sex with men experience higher rates of NCS than do other men and that these men are likely not to report that they have been subjected to NCS largely because there are no support systems in place for them. For a long time, there has been an expectation that while men might perpetrate acts of sexual violence against women, they cannot be the victims of such acts. These factors are compounded for Maori men who experience NCS. These men report that they suffer a range of long‐term health effects and that they are unable to access culturally appropriate services to help overcome the effects of these negative health outcomes. At the same time, Maori men report that they have managed to find support within their cultural networks. Support services for Maori men who experience NCS need to be established and they need to incorporate appropriate cultural components into their processes and services.

Résumé

Les cas de rapports sexuels non consentis parmi les hommes sont considérablement sousdéclarés. Cependant les recherches menées dans ce domaine montrent que les hommes ayant des rapports avec des hommes subissent ce type de rapports bien plus fréquemment que les autres hommes, et qu'ils sont susceptibles de ne pas déclarer qu'ils les ont subis, en grande partie parce qu'ils n'ont pas à leur disposition des systèmes de soutien spécifiquement destinés aux hommes. Pendant longtemps, on a cru que si les hommes sont capables de perpétrer des actes de violence sexuelle envers les femmes, ils ne peuvent être victimes de ces mêmes actes. Ces facteurs sont aggravés pour les hommes maoris qui subissent des rapports sexuels non consentis. Ceux‐ci déclarent qu'ils souffrent de nombreux effets à long terme de ces actes sur leur santé et qu'ils sont incapables d'accéder à des services qui leur soient culturellement appropriés et qui puissent les aider à surmonter ces effets négatifs. Simultanément, ces mêmes hommes déclarent qu'ils ont réussi à trouver du soutien dans leurs réseaux culturels. II est indispensable que des services de soutien destinés aux hommes maoris qui subissent des rapports sexuels soient mis en place et qu'ils intègrent des composantes culturelles appropriées à leur fonctionnement et à l'aide qu'ils proposent.

Resumen

Existen muchos casos que nunca salen a la luz de relaciones sexuales no consensuadas entre hombres. Sin embargo, en los estudios que se han Ilevado a cabo sobre este problema se demuestra que los hombres que tienen relaciones sexuales con otros hombres sufren un porcentaje más alto de relaciones no consensuadas que otros hombres. Y es muy probable que estos hombres nunca expliquen que han sufrido estas agresiones en gran parte porque no existen programas que les apoyen. Durante mucho tiempo, se creía popularmente que mientras que los hombres podrían cometer actos de violencia sexual contra las mujeres, ellos no podían ser víctimas de tales actos. Estos factores se presentan de una forma aún más pronunciada entre hombres Maori que sufren relaciones sexuales no consensuadas. Estos hombres informaron que esto les ha afectado crónicamente en la salud y que no pueden acceder a servicios adecuados a su cultura para ayudarles a superar los efectos negativos en la salud. Al mismo tiempo, los hombres Maori informaron que habían conseguido recibir ayuda dentro de sus redes culturales. Es necesario crear servicios de apoyo para hombres Maori que sufren relaciones sexuales no consensuadas e incorporar los componentes culturales apropiados en sus procesos y servicios.

Acknowledgements

This research on which this paper was based was made possible through a grant from the Lotteries Commission of New Zealand. The authors wish to thank John Fenaughty, Nicola Gavey and Ginny Braun for their support and for helpful comments they provided as this article was being written. Nga mihi nui ki a koutou katoa.

Notes

1. Pseudonyms have been used throughout this paper. The ages noted are those of the participants at the time of interview.

2. Maori are the indigenous peoples of New Zealand. Currently, they number approximately fifteen per cent of the total population of the country.

3. The word takataapui appears in Williams' Dictionary of the Maori Language which was first published in 1844 where the term is defined as ‘an intimate companion of the same sex’. The term has been reclaimed by Maori today and is used to describe the cultural and sexual aspects of one's identity. The term has been embraced by Maori who have a same sex attraction, with increasing numbers of people preferring this term to other descriptors such as gay or lesbian. For further insights into the meaning of takataapui identity in a contemporary context, see Sexuality and the Stories of Indigenous People (Hutchings and Aspin Citation2007).

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