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Culture, Health & Sexuality
An International Journal for Research, Intervention and Care
Volume 12, 2010 - Issue 7
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Original Articles

The social vagina: labia elongation and social capital among women in Rwanda

Pages 813-826 | Received 03 Dec 2009, Accepted 31 May 2010, Published online: 27 Jul 2010
 

Abstract

Far from being an individual concern, vaginas are located within complex socio-cultural settings. The acceptability of policies that focus on health-promoting behavioural change is influenced by values regarding normative gender and sexual roles. In Rwanda, the elongation of the labia minora through manual manipulation is not an individual act but takes place in social groups and thus cannot be fully understood by focusing one's attention solely on the individual-related behavioural components but, rather, on the social environment in which it exists. This paper aims to increase knowledge about labia elongation and assesses whether this vaginal practice produce social capital.

Loin d'être un problème individuel, le vagin est positionné au sein d'environnements socio-culturels complexes. L'acceptabilité de politiques qui se concentrent sur les changements comportementaux dûs à la promotion de la santé est influencée par des valeurs liées aux rôles de genre et aux rôles sexuels normatifs. Au Rwanda, l'élongation des petites lèvres par manipulation manuelle n'est pas un acte individuel, mais se pratique au sein de groupes sociaux, et ne peut par conséquent être profondément comprise à partir d'un examen des seules composantes comportementales liées aux individus, mais plutôt d'un examen de l'environnement dans lequel elle existe. Cet article se donne pour objectif d'améliorer les connaissances sur l'élongation des petites lèvres et évalue si cette pratique vaginale produit du capital social.

El estudio de las vaginas, más que ser una preocupación individual, se centra en entornos socioculturales complejos. La aceptación de políticas que se centran en cambiar las conductas para fomentar la salud se ve influenciada por valores sobre los diferentes roles sexuales y de género normativos. En Ruanda, la elongación del labio menor mediante la manipulación manual no es un acto individual sino que tiene lugar en grupos sociales y, por tanto, no puede entenderse en su totalidad analizando únicamente los componentes individuales relacionados con el comportamiento del individuo sino en el ambiente social en el que existen. En este artículo queremos dar a conocer mejor las prácticas de elongación del labio y evaluar si esta práctica vaginal produce capital social.

Notes

1. Saartje Baartman's body, put on display throughout Europe, illustrates society's effort to draw links between the physical attributes of the woman's large labia (the ‘hottentot apron’) and her culture and morality (Gilman Citation1992, 213), which provided a contrasting image to Western women's genitals – considered to demonstrate modest, civilised sexuality (McNamara Citation2006, 9).

2. Due to genocide, many girls have lost family members, which has resulted in a weakening of the extended family system.

3. Presents are sent in traditional baskets (inkangara). When a woman has not modified her labia, the basket will contain a small broken basket (agaseke). This is a message to say that the ‘broken’ women will soon be returned.

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