Publication Cover
Culture, Health & Sexuality
An International Journal for Research, Intervention and Care
Volume 15, 2013 - Issue 10
218
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Article

When ‘raw sex’ turns to a ‘raw deal’ … taking the opportunity to think about sex? Interviews with HIV-positive gay men diagnosed with acute hepatitis C

Pages 1133-1147 | Received 16 Nov 2012, Accepted 24 May 2013, Published online: 18 Jul 2013
 

Abstract

Since 2001, cases of hepatitis C virus (HCV) sexual transmission have been reported in France, among HIV-positive gay men who do not inject drugs. An earlier study focused on the incidence of acute hepatitis C and risk factors associated with HCV transmission. The present study, based on in-depth interviews, aimed to highlight the biography, the sexual practices and the experiences of gay men infected with HCV. Beyond an apparent uniformity, the group of interviewees illustrates a variety of situations, life stories and health pathways, depending on their age. These well-adjusted gay men were used to engaging in unprotected sexual practices, but before their diagnosis they largely ignored HCV-transmission risk, which was associated in their mind with a pejorative drug addict image. Once diagnosed with acute hepatitis C, they experienced a critical and emotional period during which they were open to discuss their sexual practices and reconsider risk-reduction procedures, without being willing to give up on their satisfying sex life. Health educators should consider labelling hepatitis C as an STI in order to disrupt its negative image and to help HIV-positive gay man raise their awareness of HCV-transmission risks and implement better risk-reduction strategies.

Desde 2001, en Francia se han reportado varios casos de transmisión sexual del virus hepatitis c (vhc) entre hombres gais seropositivos que no utilizan drogas inyectadas. Un estudio de hepaig realizado anteriormente se centró en la incidencia de hepatitis c aguda y en los factores de riesgo asociados a la transmisión del vhc. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en conocer las biografías, las prácticas sexuales y las vivencias de hombres gais infectados con el vhc, apoyándose en entrevistas a profundidad. Más allá de una aparente uniformidad, el grupo de entrevistados reveló una variedad de situaciones, de biografías y de caminos de salud, dependiendo de su edad. Estos hombres gais bien adaptados solían tener encuentros sexuales sin protección y, antes de ser diagnosticados, en su mayoría ignoraban el riesgo de contraer vhc, infección que asociaban con la imagen peyorativa del drogadicto. Después de ser diagnosticados de hepatitis c aguda, experimentaron un periodo crítico y emocional a partir del cual consintieron en hablar de sus prácticas sexuales, así como en reconsiderar procedimientos para disminuir el riesgo, sin mostrarse dispuestos a sacrificar una vida sexual satisfactoria. Los educadores en salud deberán promover que la hepatitis c sea categorizada como una infección transmitida sexualmente, con el fin de transformar su imagen negativa e incrementar el conocimiento en relación a los riesgos de transmisión de vhc entre hombres gais seropositivos, impulsando al mismo tiempo mejores estrategias de reducción de riesgos.

Depuis 2001, des cas de transmission sexuelle du virus de l’hépatite C (VHC) ont été rapportés en France, parmi des hommes gays séropositifs au VIH qui ne consomment pas de drogues injectables. L’étude HEPAIG s’était interrogée sur l’incidence de l’hépatite C aiguë et sur les facteurs de risque de la transmission du VHC. S’appuyant sur des entretiens en profondeur, notre étude avait pour objectif de mettre en avant la biographie, les pratiques sexuelles et les expériences de vie d’hommes gays infectés par le VHC. Au-delà d’une apparente uniformité, le groupe de participants à l’étude reflète des situations, des récits de vie et des parcours de santé variables selon les âges. Ces hommes gays épanouis étaient habitués à avoir des pratiques sexuelles non protégées, mais avant de connaître leur diagnostic, ils avaient été largement ignorants des risques de transmission du VHC qui dans leur esprit correspondaient à l’image péjorative du toxicomane. Une fois posé le diagnostic d’hépatite C aiguë, ces hommes ont traversé une période critique et chargée d’émotion durant laquelle ils ont ouvertement discuté de leurs pratiques sexuelles et changé d’avis sur les stratégies de réduction des risques, sans pour autant renoncer à leur vie sexuelle satisfaisante. Les éducateurs de santé doivent prendre en compte la possibilité de considérer l’hépatite C comme une IST afin d’ébranler son image négative et d’inciter les hommes gays séropositifs au VIH à être plus sensibles aux risques de transmission du VHC et à adopter des stratégies efficaces de réduction des risques.

Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the Agence nationale de recherche sur le sida et les hépatites (ANRS, Paris, France), and conducted in partnership with the Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS, Saint-Maurice, France) and the Tenon hospital (Paris, France). The author thanks Christine Larsen, Annie Velter, Elisabeth Delarocque-Astagneau (InVS) and Françoise Linard for their expertise and guidance, Karine Bertin for her transcription and Nicky Le Feuvre for language editing. The author declares no conflict of interest.

Notes

1. Data based on a review of the hepatitis C-prevention literature for gay men, published between 2004 and 2008 in France.

2. As a past editor in chief of the gay magazine Gai Pied Hebdo, as a gay activist, co-founder of the first group of Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence in France and as a sociologist, the author of several books and articles.

3. In the HEPAIG study self-questionnaires, there was no reference to current injected drug use either (Larsen et al. Citation2012).

4.G =  gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) or gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL); ecstasy =  3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA); Special K =  ketamine.

5.Speed =  amphetamines; crystal meth: metamphetamine; LSD =  lysergic acid diethylamide.

6. Sildenafil (Viagra®), tadalafil (Cialis®), vardenafil (Levitra®).

7. A cocaine straw designates any item employed in order to sniff cocaine and that can be shared with other users.

8. The French Gay Business Association and the National Institute for Health Education and Prevention issued a warning poster in 2008 in order to inform HIV-positive men who have sex with men about the risk of sexual HCV transmission.

9.http://www.hepatites-info-service.org/sites/his/IMG/liquid-green/

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.