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Articles

Re-activating modern traditions of justice: mobilising around health in rural Tamil Nadu, South India

Pages 1188-1200 | Received 24 Aug 2013, Accepted 12 Feb 2014, Published online: 16 Apr 2014
 

Abstract

This paper uses empirical material from health activists in Tamil Nadu to show that the health discourses that enjoy the greatest continuity and reach in India are also those that presume a radical connection between the health of the individual body and mobilising for a more just social order. The forging of this tradition is traced back to early anti-colonial forms of mobilisation. The transmission of this tradition is then ethnographically traced through various organisations that relay a characteristic set of orientations of thought and action to new generations and groups. The freshness of the synthesis of the tradition effected by each activist is emphasised. Arguing along phenomenological lines, these capacities to synthesise and renew a tradition are located in the capacities of the body. By attending to the unique place of the body in human experience, we may be in a better position to also understand the way in which health discourses that are embedded within wider experiences of injustice are able to circulate with renewed affective force.

El presente artículo aprovecha materiales empíricos producidos por activistas de salud de Tamil Nadu, los cuales muestran que, en India, los discursos sobre salud que gozan de mayor continuidad y alcance son aquellos que establecen una conexión radical entre la salud del cuerpo individual y la movilización en pro de un orden social más justo. En este sentido, el artículo se remonta a las primeras formas de movilización anticoloniales, examinando cómo se forjó la tradición. Posteriormente, rastrea en forma etnográfica las formas en que se lleva a cabo la transmisión de esta tradición en varias organizaciones que transfieren un conjunto característico de orientaciones en cuanto a creencias y acciones, a generaciones y a grupos nuevos. Al respecto, se subraya la frescura impresa en el modo en que cada activista realiza su propia síntesis de la tradición. A partir del uso de argumentos fenomenológicos, estas habilidades para sintetizar y renovar la tradición se localizan en las capacidades del cuerpo. Atender el lugar único que tiene el cuerpo en la experiencia humana, permitirá comprender mejor la manera en que los discursos de salud —incorporados en las experiencias más generalizadas de injusticia—, circulan con una renovada fuerza afectiva.

Cet article exploite de la littérature empirique fournie par des activistes de la santé au Tamil Nadu pour montrer que les discours sur la santé qui bénéficient de la continuité et de l'amplitude les plus grandes en Inde sont également ceux qui parient sur une connexion radicale entre la santé du corps individuel et la mobilisation en faveur d'un ordre social plus juste. L'établissement de cette tradition remonte aux formes de la mobilisation datant des premiers temps de l'anticolonialisme. La transmission de cette tradition est ensuite perçue, d'un point de vue ethnographique, à travers diverses organisations qui relaient un ensemble caractéristique de courants de pensée et d'actions aux nouvelles générations et aux nouveaux groupes. Nous mettons l'accent sur la fraîcheur de la synthèse de la tradition effectuée par chaque activiste. Dans une perspective phénoménologique, ces capacités à synthétiser et à renouveler une tradition se rencontrent dans les capacités du corps. En nous préoccupant de la place unique du corps dans l'équilibre humain, nous pouvons nous retrouver dans une meilleure posture pour comprendre la manière selon laquelle les discours sur la santé qui sont ancrées dans des expériences d'injustice au sens large ont la capacité de circuler avec une force affective renouvelée.

Funding

The fieldwork for this paper covers a period of three decades and has recieved many different kinds of funding beginning with the doctoral scholarship of Australian Government Research Award, supplemented by the Australian National University. The major funding body that should be acknowledged is the Australian Research Council, which awarded a Research Fellowship between 1996–2000 (FORC code F 59600575).

Notes

1. The term ‘Dalit’ has been widely adopted in resistance to the nomenclature offered by upper caste languages of ‘pollution’ and ‘untouchability’, but also to the reformist Gandhian language of ‘Harijan’ and to the bureaucratic colonial language which classifies them as ‘Scheduled Castes.’ The last is probably less offensive, and many Dalits do describe themselves as ‘SCs’, acronym for ‘Scheduled Castes.’

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