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Culture, Health & Sexuality
An International Journal for Research, Intervention and Care
Volume 16, 2014 - Issue 9
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Articles

Revisiting the dynamics of early childbearing in South African townships

Pages 1084-1096 | Received 30 Sep 2013, Accepted 29 May 2014, Published online: 08 Jul 2014
 

Abstract

In South Africa over the last two decades, births to girls under the age of 20 years of age have steadily declined. The reason for the decline has been attributed to progressive social and educational policies and more accommodating reactions from families. This paper uses ethnographic data collected in 2001–2002 and again in 2013 in order to compare young women's perceptions and experiences of early childbearing at the turn of the twenty-first century with those of young women a decade later. It makes two main contributions to the literature on early childbearing in South Africa. First, it provides insight into the changes that have occurred regarding how young women experience pregnancy and motherhood over the last decade. Second, it considers changes not only in relation to time but also in relation to the significant social and ideological changes.

En las dos últimas décadas, en Sudáfrica los nacimientos de madres menores de 20 años han seguido disminuyendo. El motivo de este declive se atribuye a las políticas progresivas de carácter social y educativo, y a reacciones más complacientes por parte de las familias. En este artículo utilizamos datos etnográficos que se recopilaron entre 2001 y 2002 y de nuevo en 2013 con el objetivo de analizar las percepciones y experiencias de mujeres jóvenes que han tenido hijos a una edad temprana en los albores del siglo XXI en comparación con mujeres jóvenes una década más tarde. Este artículo hace dos contribuciones principales a la bibliografía sobre maternidad precoz en Sudáfrica. En primer lugar, permite entrever los cambios que han ocurrido con respecto a cómo las mujeres jóvenes han vivido el embarazo y la maternidad en la última década. En segundo lugar, considera los cambios no solamente con relación al tiempo sino también con respecto a los cambios importantes desde el punto de vista social e ideológico.

La diminution du nombre d'accouchements parmi les jeunes femmes de moins de vingt ans a été constante en Afrique du Sud ces deux dernières décennies. Ce phénomène est imputé aux politiques progressistes sociales et éducatives et à leur accueil de plus en plus favorable par les familles. Cet article s'appuie sur des données ethnographiques collectées entre 2001 et 2002, puis à nouveau en 2013, afin de comparer les perceptions et l'expérience des jeunes femmes concernant la grossesse précoce au début du vingt-et-unième siècle, avec celles d'autres jeunes femmes une décennie plus tard. Il contribue doublement à la littérature sur la grossesse précoce en Afrique du Sud. Premièrement, il apporte un éclairage sur les changements qui se sont produits, au cours de la dernière décennie, dans la fa¸on dont les jeunes femmes vivent la grossesse et la maternité. Deuxièmement, il tient compte de ces changements non seulement au regard du temps écoulé, mais aussi à celui des changements sociaux et idéologiques majeurs.

Notes

1.http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/article925,531.ece/Pregnancy-tsunami

2. Anthropology has a long history of long-term ethnographic research (cf. Burawoy Citation2003).

3. This situation sheds light on one of the cited shortfalls of long-term ethnographic research – when people who you have known for a long time ask you to act in their interests against another group in the same community. This situation can lead to tensions, rejection and being ignored by people in the field (Sandstrom and Sandstrom Citation2011).

4. I use the term ‘genitor’ to refer to the biological father who does not become a social father. The term ‘father’ refers to a man who actively becomes involved in the care of the child. While these distinctions are not clear-cut, they are a useful distinction in the context of widespread denial of paternity.

Additional information

Funding

The research conducted in 2001–2002 was sponsored by the Cambridge Commonwealth Trust; the Department of Social Anthropology, University of Cambridge; the Cambridge Political Economy Society; Trinity Hall; the Smuts Memorial Fund and the Fortes Fund. The research conducted in 2013 was supported by a grant from the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand.

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