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Culture, Health & Sexuality
An International Journal for Research, Intervention and Care
Volume 21, 2019 - Issue 8
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Articles

Cultural factors influencing teenage pregnancy in Jamaica

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Pages 929-945 | Received 19 Feb 2018, Accepted 25 Sep 2018, Published online: 02 Jan 2019
 

Abstract

A literature review was undertaken to identify key factors associated with teenage pregnancy in Jamaica. Using the PEN-3 cultural model, we first categorised these factors to develop a theoretical taxonomy that can be used to help health intervention planners to understand and address the phenomenon. Next, we examined the validity of this initial taxonomy by comparing it with cultural factors identified in semi-structured focus group discussions with Jamaican teenage mothers. Cultural factors identified in the initial literature review – such as parental interaction and control, the intergenerational transmission of teenage pregnancy and experiences of sexual abuse – were largely confirmed and built upon. Results highlight promising opportunities for health communication among young women in Jamaica with a focus on self-efficacy, resilience and positive cultural factors.

Résumé

Une revue de la littérature a été conduite pour identifier les facteurs-clés associés à la grossesse chez les adolescentes à la Jamaïque. En employant le modèle culturel PEN-3, nous avons d’abord catégorisé ces facteurs afin d’élaborer une taxonomie théorique pouvant être utilisée par les planificateurs d’interventions de santé pour comprendre et aborder le phénomène. Ensuite, nous avons examiné la validité de cette taxonomie initiale en la comparant à des facteurs culturels qui émergeaient de groupes de discussion thématique semi-structurés, ayant été conduits avec des mères adolescentes jamaïcaines. Les facteurs culturels identifiés lors de la revue de littérature initiale, tels que l’interaction et le contrôle parentaux, la transmission intergénérationnelle de la grossesse chez les adolescentes et les expériences d’abus sexuels ont été largement confirmés et exploités. Les résultats mettent l’accent sur les opportunités prometteuses pour la communication sur la santé parmi les jeunes femmes à la Jamaïque, avec une focalisation sur l’auto-efficacité, la résilience et les facteurs positifs culturels.

Resumen

Con el objetivo de identificar los factores principales asociados a los embarazos de adolescentes en Jamaica se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica. Mediante el modelo cultural PEN-3, primero clasificamos por categorías estos factores para desarrollar una taxonomía teórica que puede servir para que los planificadores de programas sanitarios entiendan y aborden este fenómeno. A continuación, analizamos la validez de esta taxonomía inicial al compararla con factores culturales que surgieron a partir de charlas en grupo semiestructuradas realizadas con madres adolescentes de Jamaica. Se confirmaron y reconocieron en gran medida los factores culturales identificados en la revisión inicial de la bibliografía, tales como la interacción y el control de los padres, la transmisión intergeneracional del embarazo adolescente, y las experiencias de abuso sexual. Los resultados ponen de relieve las oportunidades prometedoras de una comunicación sobre salud entre las mujeres jóvenes de Jamaica prestando atención a aspectos como autoeficacia, resiliencia y factores culturales positivos.

Acknowledgements

We thank the Women’s Centre of Jamaica Foundation (WCJF), Kingston, Jamaica, for their partnership and support in facilitating this research.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this paper.

Notes

1 The Women’s Center of Jamaica Foundation (WCJF) is a government-run school for pregnant girls and girls who have recently given birth. The primary objective of the school is to support their continued education and eventual reintegration into the high school system.

2 The Jubilee Clinic is based at the Victoria Jubilee Hospital and provides special services for teenage mothers, including counselling and prenatal educational sessions.

Additional information

Funding

This research was funded by the Institute for the Advanced Study of the Americas at the University of Miami. The authors received no financial reward for the research, authorship and/or publication of this paper.

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