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ARTICLES

Social counselling for older people—between advice and therapy

Alter(n)sberatung – Zwischen Ratschlag und Therapie

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Abstract

In Europe, social counselling services increasingly follow the guiding principle active ageing. Active ageing policies help people recognise and use their physical, social and mental potential in order to participate in society according to their individual needs and capacities. Counselling the heterogeneous target group—‘older people’—implies that services should be prepared to address individual risks and resources. This article discusses the largely unclear position of social counselling for older people within social work in Europe. An empirical perspective is established with a German online survey, conducted among social counselling professionals nationwide (N = 1050). Their services were studied in terms of service provision, target groups, counsellor qualification and applied methods. The aim was to describe and classify the existing counselling provision. The study revealed that social counselling is located somewhere between advice and psychotherapy, and as such primarily focused on helping with age-related deficits and problems. A considerable proportion of client contacts results from acute crises. Still, only a third of the respondents followed a specific, defined concept in their work, and even fewer stated having gerontological qualification. Primary achievements of the study were to help classify existing social counselling services for older people and to develop basic gerontological training for counsellors.

In Europa verfolgen immer mehr Beratungsangebote das Leitprinzip des ‘aktives Alterns’. Dieses Konzept zielt darauf ab, die physischen, sozialen und psychischen Potentiale Älterer zu erkennen bzw. zu nutzen, um sie gemäß ihrer individuellen Bedürfnisse und Kapazitäten am gesellschaftlichen Leben teilhaben zu lassen. Beratungsangebote für ältere Menschen müssen dementsprechend die individuellen Risiken und Ressourcen dieser heterogenen Zielgruppe berücksichtigen. In diesem Artikel geht es um die weitgehend unklare Stellung der Alter(n)sberatung innerhalb der sozialen Arbeit in Europa. Eine empirische Basis bietet an dieser Stelle eine deutsche Online-Erhebung, die bundesweit bei Beratungsfachkräften durchgeführt wurde. Die Dienstleistungen wurden hinsichtlich der Angebote, Zielgruppen, Beraterqualifikationen und Beratungsmethoden untersucht. Ziel ist die Beschreibung bzw. Klassifikation derzeitiger Beratungsangebote. Die Studienergebnisse belegen, dass Alter(n)sberatung ein Handlungsfeld zwischen Informationsvermittlung und Psychotherapie darstellt und dabei primär defizit- bzw. problemorientiert ausgerichtet ist. Ein Fokus auf das aktive Altern besteht nicht. Ein beträchtlicher Anteil der Kundenkontakte entsteht aufgrund akuter Krisensituationen. Die Ergebnisse der Online-Befragung zeigen ferner, dass nur ein Drittel der teilnehmenden Beratungsfachkräfte bewusst nach einem definierten theoretischen Konzept arbeitet und noch wenigere gerontologische Qualifikationen vorweisen können. Primäre Projektergebnisse sind vor diesem Hintergrund die Klassifikation existierender Angebote der Alter(n)sberatung im europäischen Vergleich sowie die Entwicklung von gerontologischen Basisqualifikationen für zukünftige Berater in diesem Feld.

Notes on contributors

Prof. Dr Stefan Pohlmann is professor for social gerontology at the University of Applied Sciences Munich. He is the founder and head of the work group Interdisciplinary Gerontology in the Department for Applied Social Sciences.

Paula Heinecker, MA, is a researcher at the University of Applied Sciences Munich and member of the work group Interdisciplinary Gerontology since 2009.

Dr Christian Leopold is a researcher at the University of Applied Sciences Munich and member of the work Group Interdisciplinary Gerontology since 2009.

Notes

1. Austria recently consolidated its legislation on the entrance requirements for social and life counselling in general. Available at: http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20002563&ShowPrintPreview=True.

2. European Credit Transfer System: standard for comparing the study attainment and performance of students of higher education across the European Union and other collaborating European countries.

3. Socio-emotional support, comprising all forms of counselling, social work, self-help groups and similar initiatives explicitly addressing the pragmatic and/or psychosocial support needs of family carers […] Informational support includes all kinds of services aimed at providing information on the disease or disability suffered by the cared-for person (Di Rosa et al., Citation2011).

4. AIRS—The Alliance of Information and Referral Systems.

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