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ARTICLES

Framing of intimate care in home care services

Utformning och genomförande av intim hjälp och omsorg i hemtjänsten

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Abstract

Provision of intimate care is a challenge for the care worker, as well as for the recipient of care, in terms both of how this care is to be performed and of how to manage feelings such as anxiety and embarrassment. In home care services, most intimate care work is performed by non-professionals who have received little or no formal or in-house training, and who are at risk of being left to devise their own methods or coping strategies. This article reports on a participant observation study of intimate care in home care services in Sweden. The strategies used to handle intimacy in care work displayed similarities, as well as dissimilarities, to those of professional framing identified in earlier studies of medical and nursing practice. There are similarities in terms of how framing was accomplished in a balance between a distanced matter-of-fact stance and one of personal acknowledgement created in interplay between care workers and care recipient. There are dissimilarities in terms of the challenges presented by the home care setting. As the relationship between care worker and care recipient in intimate care is a particularly precarious one, lack of guidance and formal training may hamper care and lead to neglect.

Det är väl känt att intim hjälp och omsorg innebär en utmaning för såväl omsorgstagare som omsorgsgivare, både vad gäller hur denna hjälp ska utföras, och vad gäller de känslor av ängslan eller genans som kan uppstå. Omsorg i hemmet utförs ofta av personal med låg eller ingen utbildning för uppgiften, vilket innebär att omsorgsgivarna ofta måste hitta egna lösningar och coping-strategier för att hantera intimitet. Artikeln bygger på en deltagande observationsstudie av hemtjänst i Sverige. Studiens resultat visar hur de strategier som finns för att hantera intimitet i omsorgsarbetet både liknar och skiljer sig från den inramning/framing som tidigare studier av medicinsk respektive omvårdnadspraxis identifierat. Likheter framkom i hur professionell inramning skapas i samspel mellan brukare och personal, som en balans mellan personlig uppmärksamhet och saklig distans. De skillnader som framkom bestod framför allt i hur hemtjänstens insatser utmanas av brist på sådana resurser som möjliggör professionell framing av det intima i en medicinsk- eller omvårdnadskontext. Då intim omsorg alltid utgör en särskild utmaning i relationen mellan omsorgsgivare och omsorgstagare, innebär avsaknad på vägledning och formell utbildning risk för försummelser.

Acknowledgements

A grant from the Swedish Research Council (Dnr 2007-7231) made this study possible within the larger project ‘Power and influence in elderly care: structural conditions and individual expressions’.

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