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Articles

Do your duty—demand your right: a theoretical discussion of the norm of reciprocity in social work

Gjør din plikt—krev din rett: En teoretisk diskusjon av gjensidighetsnormen i det sosiale arbeidet

 

ABSTRACT

This article presents a literature-based critique of the principle of reciprocity in welfare and social work. The norm of reciprocity is in principle an ethical, universal norm related to the whole scope of human interaction. In this article the scope has been delimited to social work and the implementation of a policy of workfare in Norway. Emphasis is given to exploring mechanisms that may explain important characteristics of implementation practices that are not always clearly visible. The discussion includes the dialectics between overarching institutional relationships such as the body of laws and existing policies, institutional practices and the practice of social workers. The norm of reciprocity is analysed as a generative mechanism that sometimes implies problematic aspects requiring critical examination and discussion. By viewing reciprocity as a generative mechanism and as a ‘starting mechanism’, problematic aspects of implementation practices may be better understood.

SAMMENDRAG

Artikkelen presenterer en litteraturbasert kritikk av gjensidighetsprinsippet i sosialt arbeid i velferdssektoren. Normen om gjensidighet (resiprositet) er i prinsippet en universell norm knyttet til samhandling mellom mennesker. Denne artikkelen er tematisk avgrenset til en analyse av normens gyldighet innen sosialt arbeid og iverksetting av arbeidslinjen i Norge. Det er lagt vekt på å undersøke mekanismer som kan forklare viktige trekk ved iverksettingen, men som ikke alltid er umiddelbart synlige. Normen om gjensidighet er analysert som en generativ mekanisme som krever kritisk gransking. Diskusjonen omfatter dialektikken mellom det sosiale arbeidet og overgripende institusjonelle nivåer knyttet til lovverket, gjeldende politikk og institusjonelle praksiser. Ved å analysere gjensidighetsnormen som en generativ mekanisme og som en ‘startmekanisme’ kan etisk problematiske sider ved implementeringspraksiser forstås bedre.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Notes on contributor

Dr Monica Kjørstad is Associate professor in social work and social policy at the Faculty of social sciences at Oslo and Akershus University College. Her research areas are social work, social policy and topics related to implementation practices in the public sector. Her academic pursuits are social theories, theories of science, ethics, human rights, leadership, social administration and planning.

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