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Articles

The impact of the economic crisis on the practice of social casework

El impacto de la crisis en la práctica del Trabajo Social de Casos

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ABSTRACT

What is the impact of the economic crisis on the practice of social casework? How is the economic crisis reflected in the professional practice, when social services have to cope with depletion as a result of an increasing attendance pressure? This study analyses the way in which social workers in community services face the understanding of the problem situation jointly with their clients. The aim is to uncover the items that professionals prioritize when they formulate and analyse the problem situation together with their clients. Data show that there is a discrepancy between the intervention criteria that have been considered important and their level of accomplishment. This difference points out that the understanding of the problem situation seems superficial, showing a low level of practice of the intervention criteria that assess the meanings which clients give to the incidents, strengths, solutions attempted, and larger systems involved. Data show that the implementation of fundamental analysis instruments is not sufficiently trusted and the use of the professional’s own knowledge is not regarded as important. This situation does not provide a context of intervention that is suitable and consistent with the problem situation and, consequently, the interventions for change will probably not match the clients’ needs.

RESUMEN

¿Cuál es el impacto de la crisis económica en la práctica del trabajo social de casos? ¿Cómo se refleja la crisis económica en la práctica profesional, en unos servicios sociales saturados por una creciente presión asistencial? El artículo analiza de qué manera los trabajadores/as sociales de los servicios comunitarios afrontan la comprensión de la situación problema construida junto a sus clientes. Se trata de conocer qué es lo que los profesionales priorizan conocer cuando formulan y analizan la situación problema junto a los clientes. Para responder a la pregunta de investigación, se ha desarrollado una muestra no probabilística intencional del 73,04% del total de trabajadores sociales que trabajaban en proyectos de atención directa individual y familiar en la Isla de Mallorca. Los resultados ponen en evidencia una discrepancia entre los criterios de intervención valorados importantes y el nivel de realización de los mismos. Esta diferencia señala que la comprensión de la situación problema parece superficial, con una baja práctica de criterios de intervención que valoren los significados que los clientes atribuyen a los hechos, las fortalezas, las soluciones intentadas y los sistemas amplios implicados. No se confía suficientemente en la aplicación de instrumentos de análisis fundamentales y no se considera importante la puesta en juego de los conocimientos del propio profesional. Dicha situación no permite construir un contexto de intervención adecuado y congruente con la situación problema y, en consecuencia, va a dificultar que la dirección de las intervenciones para el cambio se corresponda con las necesidades de los clientes.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Ms Teresa Gispert for her linguistic advice.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes on contributors

José Francisco Campos is a PhD in Philosophy, and graduated in Philosophy and Science from Education and graduated in Social Work. He is Professor of the Social Work and Social Services Area of the University of the Balearic Islands, and is the main researcher of the research group ‘Conflict, change and social work’ and Director of the Mediation, Conflict Resolution and Family Counseling Laboratory of the same college.

Josefa Cardona is a PhD in Psychology, has a degree in Psychology and is a Graduate in Social Work. She is Professor of the Social Work and Social Services Area of the University of the Balearic Islands, is a researcher of the group ‘Conflict, change and social work’ and Deputy Director of the Mediation, Conflict Resolution and Family Counseling Laboratory of the same college.

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