Correction

This article refers to:

Antipsychotic utilization, healthcare resource use and costs, and quality of care among fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries with schizophrenia in the United States

Article title: Antipsychotic utilization, healthcare resource use and costs, and quality of care among fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries with schizophrenia in the United States

Authors: Li, P., Benson, C., Geng, Z., Seo, S., Patel, C., & Doshi, J. A.

Journal: Journal of Medical Economics

Bibliometrics: Volume 26, Number 01, pages 525–536

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2023.2189859

The above mentioned article was first published online with the following errors.

1. The rates of the three mental comorbidities reported in the first paragraph of the Results section were incorrect

2. The ‘Type of schizophrenia disorder’ and ‘Selected mental comorbidities’ rows were incorrect in Table 1

3. The ‘Supplementary Table 5: State-level Analysis of Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics’ was missing in the Supplementary Appendix.

The first paragraph of the Results section and the ‘Type of schizophrenia disorder’ and ‘Selected mental comorbidities’ rows in Table 1 were corrected as below. And also included revised Supplementary Appendix with Supplementary Table 5.

Revised first paragraph of Results Section

The final overall national sample included 314,888 fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries with schizophrenia in 2019 across the 50 states plus D.C. (Figure 1). The mean age of the overall sample was 56.5 years (SD 15.0) and 68.5% of the beneficiaries were <65 years old (Table 1). Most of the sample was male (58.8%) and White (65.5%). About 91% of the sample received LIS under Medicare Part D; the vast majority (95.2%) of the LIS patients were dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid. The comorbidity burden was substantial, with 75.7% of beneficiaries having 5+ Elixhauser comorbidities. Common physical comorbidities included hypertension (58.9%), diabetes (with [22.6%] and without complications [33.0%]), and obesity (28.8%). Common mental comorbidities included depressive disorders (35.2%), anxiety disorders (34.9%) and substance-related and addictive disorders (29.2%) (Table 1).

Revised Table 1

Table 1. Characteristics of National Sample of Fee-for-Service Medicare Beneficiaries with Schizophrenia in 2019.

	Overall		LIS		Non-LIS
	N	%	N	%	N	%
N	314,888	100%	285,134	100%	29,754	100%
Age, mean (SD)	56.5 (15.0)		55.7 (14.9)		65.6 (13.4)
18–24	2,283	0.7	2,240	0.8	43	0.1
25–34	24,912	7.9	24,267	8.5	645	2.2
35–44	47,104	15.0	45,153	15.8	1,951	6.6
45–54	58,482	18.6	54,878	19.2	3,604	12.1
55–64	82,946	26.3	76,052	26.7	6,894	23.2
65–74	64,012	20.3	53,938	18.9	10,074	33.9
75–84	26,063	8.3	21,218	7.4	4,845	16.3
≥85	9,086	2.9	7,388	2.6	1,698	5.7
Sex
Female	129,778	41.2	114,622	40.2	15,156	50.9
Male	185,110	58.8	170,512	59.8	14,598	49.1
Race
White	206,118	65.5	182,439	64.0	23,679	79.6
Black	75,279	23.9	71,235	25.0	4,044	13.6
Hispanic	14,414	4.6	13,960	4.9	454	1.5
Other	19,077	6.1	17,500	6.1	1,577	5.3
Part D low-income subsidy (LIS) status
LIS	285,134	90.6	285,134	100.0	0	0.0
Full LIS	282,340	89.7	282,340	99.0	0	0.0
Dual eligibles	271,419	86.2	271,419	95.2	0	0.0
Partial LIS	2,794	0.9	2,794	1.0	0	0.0
Non-LIS	29,754	9.4	0	0.0	29,754	100.0
Original reason for Medicare eligibility
Age	40,421	12.8	31,824	11.2	8,597	28.9
Both disability and ESRD	537	0.2	499	0.2	38	0.1
Disability	273,473	86.8	252,379	88.5	21,094	70.9
ESRD	457	0.1	432	0.2	25	0.1
Census region
Midwest	77,906	24.7	69,833	24.5	8,073	27.1
Northeast	70,395	22.4	63,386	22.2	7,009	23.6
South	106,741	33.9	96,211	33.7	10,530	35.4
West	59,846	19.0	55,704	19.5	4,142	13.9
Metropolitan status
Rural	58,242	18.5	53,215	18.7	5,027	16.9
Urban	256,646	81.5	231,919	81.3	24,727	83.1
Type of schizophrenia disorder
Paranoid schizophrenia	91,386	29.0	83,349	29.2	8,037	27.0
Disorganized type schizophrenia	8,481	2.7	7,929	2.8	552	1.9
Catatonic type schizophrenia	2,649	0.8	2,259	0.8	390	1.3
Undifferentiated schizophrenia	18,724	5.9	17,303	6.1	1,421	4.8
Residual schizophrenia	7,083	2.2	6,421	2.3	662	2.2
Schizophreniform disorder	4,216	1.3	3,797	1.3	419	1.4
Other specific types	24,306	7.7	22,428	7.9	1,878	6.3
Schizophrenia, unspecified	180,526	57.3	165,974	58.2	14,552	48.9
Schizotypal disorder	1,997	0.6	1,702	0.6	295	1.0
Number of Elixhauser comorbidities
≤2	35,228	11.2	32,066	11.2	3,162	10.6
3–4	41,433	13.2	37,659	13.2	3,774	12.7
5+	238,227	75.7	215,409	75.5	22,818	76.7
Selected physical comorbidities^a
Hypertension	185,337	58.9	166,365	58.3	18,972	63.8
Congestive heart failure	32,470	10.3	29,056	10.2	3,414	11.5
Valvular disease	19,868	6.3	16,925	5.9	2,943	9.9
Peripheral vascular disease	61,032	19.4	55,490	19.5	5,542	18.6
Diabetes without chronic complications	103,931	33.0	94,786	33.2	9,145	30.7
Diabetes with chronic complications	71,185	22.6	64,822	22.7	6,363	21.4
Obesity	90,564	28.8	82,407	28.9	8,157	27.4
Hypothyroidism	72,108	22.9	64,292	22.5	7,816	26.3
Chronic pulmonary disease	88,257	28.0	80,767	28.3	7,490	25.2
Paralysis	14,957	4.7	13,954	4.9	1,003	3.4
Other neurological disorders	101,602	32.3	91,863	32.2	9,739	32.7
Renal failure	35,011	11.1	30,966	10.9	4,045	13.6
Liver disease	23,367	7.4	21,366	7.5	2,001	6.7
Deficiency anemias	81,984	26.0	74,419	26.1	7,565	25.4
HIV and AIDS	2,953	0.9	2,783	1.0	170	0.6
Selected mental comorbidities^b				0.0		0.0
Depressive disorders	110,847	35.2	99,385	34.9	11,462	38.5
Anxiety disorders	109,917	34.9	98,501	34.5	11,416	38.4
Substance-related and addictive disorders	91,847	29.2	85,991	30.2	5,856	19.7
Sleep-wake disorders	63,662	20.2	56,838	19.9	6,824	22.9
Trauma- and stressor-related disorders	26,158	8.3	23,664	8.3	2,494	8.4

Note. Selected sample characteristics by state are presented in Supplementary Table 5.

^aBased on Elixhauser comorbidities. ^bBased on DSM-V Mental comorbidities.