Third World Crossings

Abstract

The Bandung Conference of 1955 is often described as the beginning of what Vijay Prashad called the “Third World” project. While it is undeniable that intergovernmental gatherings had largely facilitated the political connections between Chinese and African leaders, no less significant in cultivating a heightened Bandung Spirit in the decolonizing world were the “transnational networks” such as the Afro-Asian People’s Solidarity Conference (1957), the Afro-Asian Writers’ Conference (1958), the Afro-Asian Women’s Conference (1961) and the Afro-Asian Journalists’ Association (1963). These platforms allowed a privileged group of writers to travel to Africa. Feng Zhidan, Du Xuan and Han Beiping were among them. Their travel notes, later published as 西非八国漫记 (Glimpses into West Africa, 1962), 西非日记 (West Africa Diary, 1964) and 非洲夜会 (Nights in Africa, 1964), carefully described local landscapes, climate and architecture, as well as their personal encounters with Africans from diverse social backgrounds outside the state apparatus. Likewise, a Malian minister and writer, Mamadou Gologo, recounted his tours in China and his deep appreciation for the country. China: A Great People, A Great Destiny (La Chine, un peuple géant, un grand destin) was published in both English and French by New World Press in Beijing in 1965. Like an X on a map, crossing marks both a place and a process, an intersection and a journey. This essay aims to explore the multi-dimensional “crossings” of individuals, texts and circulation networks that went beyond national boundaries and the Cold War binary. It argues that travelogues, as both under-explored archives and literary writings, help to reveal the tangible nature of Afro-Asian solidarity, felt through individual encounters and sometimes fragile emotional bonds.

Keywords:

• Afro-Asia
• China–Africa
• Mali
• print culture
• third world
• travelogue

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Correction Statement

This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Notes

1 “Republic of letters” is borrowed from Pascale Casanova’s use of the term in her book The World Republic of Letters (translated from French to English by Malcolm DeBevoise and published by Harvard University Press in 2004).

2 天净沙·秋思 [Tune: Sunny Sand. Autumn Thoughts] by Ma Zhiyuan (c. 1250–1320).

3 The report was read by Senanayake’s representative, D. Manuweera, to the plenary session of the Afro-Asian Writers’ Emergency Meeting on 27 June 1966.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by The National Social Science Fund of China.