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Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Volume 29, 2007 - Issue 1
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Original Articles

Decisions under ambiguity and decisions under risk: Correlations with executive functions and comparisons of two different gambling tasks with implicit and explicit rules

Matthias Brand Department of Physiological Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
,
Emily C. Recknor Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
,
Fabian Grabenhorst Department of Physiological Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
&
Antoine Bechara Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USACorrespondence[email protected]
Pages 86-99 | Received 16 Aug 2005, Accepted 22 Nov 2005, Published online: 16 Feb 2007
 
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Abstract

We conducted two experiments with healthy subjects to investigate the possible relationships between Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) performance and executive functions as well as IGT performance and decision-making in a task with explicit rules, the Game of Dice Task (GDT). Results indicated that only the last trials of the IGT were correlated with executive functions and GDT performance. We suggest that the IGT taps into two mechanisms of decision-making: decisions under ambiguity in the first trials and decisions under risk in the latter trials. Results have impact on the interpretation of deficient IGT performance in patients with frontal lobe dysfunctions.

Acknowledgments

The work of M.B. on this paper was supported by a grant from the G.A.-Lienert-Foundation, Germany. The work of A.B. was supported by NIDA grants DA11779, DA12487, DA16708, and by NINDS grant NS19632.

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