Assessing social cognition in people with a diagnosis of dementia: Development of a novel screening test, the Brief Assessment of Social Skills (BASS-D)

ABSTRACT

It is well established that people with a diagnosis of dementia can experience impaired social cognition. This study aimed to develop a new screening test for assessing social cognition impairments in dementia and to examine its convergent and construct validity in normal healthy adults and people with dementia. Materials from established tests with proven sensitivity to social cognition impairments were adapted to create a short screening test that uses pictures and simple text. The Brief Assessment of Social Skills-Dementia (BASS-D) is administrable bedside and examines emotion recognition, face identification, empathy, theory of mind, social disinhibition, social reasoning and memory for faces. The BASS-D was administered to 28 healthy older adults (M age = 76.71, SD = 6.15) and 26 participants with a diagnosis of dementia (M age = 81.38, SD = 9.39). Participants also completed a number of measures of social cognition and the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III. Each of the BASS-D domains demonstrated adequate convergent validity (r = .32-.81), with the exception of Face Memory. Significant differences in total BASS-D total scores were observed between the healthy adults and participants with a diagnosis of dementia. BASS-D correlated with some measures of dementia but not others. In conclusion, the BASS-D holds promise as a short screen for assessing social skills in dementia that will assist families and carers in managing social cognition impairments. Further development of normative data in a larger set of healthy older adults along with evidence for test–retest reliability will advance this tool toward clinical utility.

KEYWORDS:

• validity
• neuropsychological test
• social cognition
• dementia
• social neuroscience

Authorship

I certify that the authors have read the paper and have agreed to be listed as authors.

Acknowledgments

Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Dementia Australia Hunter, Anglican Care Hunter, Hunter New England Local Health District

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Ethical standards

The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008.

Correction Statement

This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Notes

1. 27 were originally recruited, one male was excluded due to diagnosis not being verifiable.

2. Medical file indicated or informant reported that participant was diagnosed with “dementia” but the type/cause of dementia was not stated or known.

3. Data available for 20 participants.

4. Dementia group only.

5. Control group only.

6. Control group only.

7. BASS Disinhibition Part II reaction time measure was not included in the MANCOVA.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Dementia Australia Research Foundation and the Hunter Medical Research Institute.