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Abstract
Recent developments in the Brazilian gas supply industry are reviewed. Two main questions are addressed. First, is territorial monopoly the best approach for the industrial organisation of an infant gas supply industry (GSI)? Second, how should the regulatory framework of the GSI be related to a competition‐oriented regulatory framework in the electricity supply industry (ESI)? Our view is that the regulation used in North America and in Europe to develop the GSI, when their gas industries were in their infancy, has not been adapted for the Brazilian case. New driving forces are bounding the development of the GSI both in mature and infant markets. An innovative regulatory framework is required that will preserve market power equilibrium and regulatory coherence between the GSI and ESI.