Thermal utilisation of sewage sludge in Poland

Thermal utilisation of sewage sludge in Poland and recovery of phosphorus from the ash after incineration are described in this article. A proposed sewage management system, based on integration of the materials and energy stream, will result in modifications to existing municipal sewage treatment methods. Pollution prevention methods will be put in place to reduce municipal waste production, along with in-process recycling of selected types of waste and transformation of sewage sludge to an entity with desirable physical and chemical properties. Balancing quantities of sewage and sewage sludge with semi-final and final products obtained from the sludge using thermal utilisation and phosphorus recovery methods are presented. The thermal utilisation of sewage sludge compared with its disposal or utilisation in agriculture is evaluated using criteria estimated with the use of fuzzy logic .