Abstract
The “Grande Caraja's Project” is not only the most important industrial project in the history of Brazil, it is also a project with far reaching international consequences. The mining of a number of raw materials will directly affect world mineral markets and the industrialization of the Eastern Amazon region may have ecological effects far beyond the borders of Brazil. A debate on the Program is not only crucial for the economic, political and social future of Brazil, it's an important element in the general discussion on “third world” industrialization and development.