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Abstract
The main mineral producer in Brazil is Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (CVRD), now to be privatised. In this article the main issues concerning the privatisation of this large state owned mining group are considered. Mineral production affects society in several different ways, e.g. influencing other sectors that use minerals and ores as inputs for their production. The aim of this paper is to promote a discussion about why the company is being targeted for privatisation, who are the likely winners and losers, and the role of the state as a mineral producer.