Arthroscopic validation of radiographic minimum joint space width associated with the subchondral bone exposure in symptomatic hip dysplasia

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to clarify the minimum joint space width (MJSW) that leads to subchondral bone exposure (SBE) in patients with hip dysplasia.

Methods: We included 82 subjects (86 hips) who had hip dysplasia with center-edge angle less than 20° and who underwent periacetabular osteotomy combined with hip arthroscopy. The acetabular and femoral cartilages were divided into three regions: anterosuperior, superior, and posterosuperior; for each region, we analyzed the correlation between the incidence of SBE and the MJSW measured on plain radiographs. The disease stage was defined according to the Kellgren and Lawrence grades (KL grade).

Results: SBE was found in 51 hips (59.3%) in total, involved the acetabulum in 49 hips (57.0%), and involved the femoral head in 26 hips (30.2%). SBE was more frequent in the acetabulum, with the highest incidence in the anterosuperior region, followed by the superior region. SBE was present in six hips (22.2%), 17 hips (56.7%), and 28 hips (96.5%), at KL-1, KL-2, and KL-3, respectively. MJSW of hips with SBE was significantly smaller than those without SBE (2.3 vs 4.0 mm, p < 0.001), and the cut-off value for MJSW that led to SBE was 3.7 mm (sensitivity: 0.902, 1 – specificity: 0.343). SBE was present in 23.3% in patients with MJSW ≥3.7 mm, whereas 76.7% in those <3.7 mm.

Conclusions: Cartilage degeneration is more advanced than would be predicted on plain radiographs. The cut-off value of MJSW for SBE was 3.7 mm in patients with symptomatic hip dysplasia.

Keywords:

• Hip arthroscopy
• Hip dysplasia
• Minimum joint space width
• Periacetabular osteotomy
• Subchondral bone exposure

Acknowledgements

We thank Junji Kishimoto, a statistician from the Digital Medicine Initiative, Kyushu University, for his valuable comments and suggestions in regards to the statistical analysis.

Conflict of interest

None. This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (No. 15K10450).