Radiographic changes and factors associated with subsequent progression of damage in weight-bearing joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis under TNF-blocking therapies—three-year observational study

Abstract

Objectives: The long-term effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-blocking therapies on weight-bearing joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have not been fully characterized. The purpose of this study was to assess the radiographic changes of weight-bearing joints in patients with RA during 3-year of TNF-blocking therapies and to identify factors related to the progression of joint damage.

Methods: Changes in clinical variables and radiological findings in 243 weight-bearing joints (63 hips, 54 knees, 71 ankles, and 55 subtalar joints) in 38 consecutive patients were investigated during three years of treatment with TNF-blocking agents. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for the progression of weight-bearing joint damage.

Results: Seventeen (14.5%) of proximal weight-bearing joints (hips and knees) showed apparent radiographic progression during three years of treatment, whereas none of the proximal weight-bearing joints showed radiographic evidence of improvement or repair. In contrast, distal weight-bearing joints (ankle and subtalar joints) displayed radiographic progression and improvement in 20 (15.9%) and 8 (6.3%) joints, respectively. Multivariate logistic analysis for proximal weight-bearing joints identified the baseline Larsen grade (p < 0.001, OR:24.85, 95%CI: 5.07–121.79) and disease activity at one year after treatment (p = 0.003, OR:3.34, 95%CI:1.50–7.46) as independent factors associated with the progression of joint damage. On the other hand, multivariate analysis for distal weight-bearing joints identified disease activity at one year after treatment (p < 0.001, OR:2.13, 95%CI:1.43–3.18) as an independent factor related to the progression of damage.

Conclusions: Baseline Larsen grade was strongly associated with the progression of damage in the proximal weight-bearing joints. Disease activity after treatment was an independent factor for progression of damage in proximal and distal weight-bearing joints. Early treatment with TNF-blocking agents and tight control of disease activity are necessary to prevent the progression of damage of the weight-bearing joints.

Keywords:

• Etanercept
• Infliximab
• Radiographic progression
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• TNF-blocking therapy
• Weight-bearing joint

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the medical staff in University Hospital of Toyama for providing the laboratory data.

Conflicts of interest

I. Matsushita has received speaking fees from Mitsubishi-Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Pfizer Japan Inc., AbbVie GK., Eisai Co. Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb, Astellas Pharma Inc., and Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. T. Kimura has received research funding from Mitsubishi-Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Pfizer Japan Inc., Eisai Co. Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., and Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. Other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.