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Articles

Mothering as a relational role: Re-evaluating everyday parenting occupations

Pages 158-169 | Accepted 06 Sep 2019, Published online: 21 Oct 2019
 

ABSTRACT

The family focused literature within occupational science has viewed parenting as an individualistic and bidirectional approach to parent-child interactions. This conceptualization is not fully able to capture the complexities associated with family beliefs and values, the multitude of social influences on parenting occupations, or the cultural world of parents as a whole. The results presented here are one aspect of a larger study that explored how primary caregivers (mothers) of children aged 2-6 years manage everyday interactions with their typically developing children and make decisions concerning everyday parenting. Constructivist grounded theory methodology was utilized to analyse 22 interviews from 12 mothers. Open, focused, and theoretical coding were used to construct a framework of parental decision-making. In addition to identifying the interrelated and varying nature of women’s many roles, this study found that the role of mother is comprised of multiple interconnected roles as caregiver, nurturer, educator, protector, and learner. Through analysis, it was discovered that it is more appropriate to study parenting as a relational role encompassing multiple occupations rather than describing parenting as an occupation or co-occupation. Additionally, the findings portray mothers as holistic occupational beings, in keeping with the proposed shift in occupational science to consider parent-child relationships from a transactional rather than bidirectional perspective.

生活活动科学领域的关于家庭的文献已将育儿视为亲子互动的个人和双向方法。这种概念化不能完全表现与家庭信仰和价值观相关的复杂性、对育儿活动的众多社会影响力或全体父母的文化世界。本文的研究结果是一项更大研究的一个方面。该研究探讨了2-6岁儿童的主要看护人(母亲)如何与他们发育正常的孩子的日常互动,并做出有关日常育儿的决定。建构主义扎根理论法被用来分析对12位母亲的22次访谈。开放、集中和理论的编码被用来构建父母决策的框架。除了确定妇女的许多角色之间相互关联的和变化的性质外,这项研究还发现母亲的角色由护理者、养育者、教育者、保护者和学习者等多个相互关联的角色组成。通过分析发现,将育儿作为涵盖多种类型活动的关系性角色进行研究比将育儿描述为一种活动类型或共同活动更为合适。此外,研究结果将母亲描绘成整体的生活活动存在,这与所提出的生活活动转移相一致,即从事务角度而非双向的角度考虑父母与子女的关系。

Dentro de la ciencia ocupacional, la literatura académica centrada en la familia contempla la crianza de los hijos con un enfoque individualista y bidireccional de las interacciones entre padres e hijos. Sin embargo, esta conceptualización no es plenamente capaz de captar las complejidades asociadas a las creencias y los valores familiares, ni la multitud de influencias sociales en las ocupaciones de crianza de los hijos o el mundo cultural de los padres en su conjunto. Los resultados mostrados en el presente estudio son parte de una investigación más amplia que exploró la forma en que las cuidadoras primarias (las madres) de niños de 2 a 6 años de edad manejan las interacciones cotidianas de desarrollo típico con sus hijos y toman decisiones relativas a su crianza diaria. Para analizar las 22 entrevistas realizadas con 12 madres se utilizó la metodología de la teoría constructivista. A fin de construir un marco de toma de decisiones de los padres se empleó una codificación abierta, centrada y teórica. Además de identificar la naturaleza interrelacionada y variada de los muchos papeles desempeñados por la mujer, este estudio constató que el rol de la madre abarca múltiples papeles interconectados, incluyendo los de cuidadora, apoyadora, educadora, protectora y aprendiz. El análisis permitió constatar que es más apropiado abordar la crianza de los hijos como una función relacional que abarca múltiples ocupaciones en lugar de describirla como una ocupación u ocupación compartida. Además, los hallazgos exhiben a las madres como seres ocupacionales holísticos, en sintonía con el cambio propuesto por la ciencia ocupacional de considerar las relaciones entre padres e hijos desde una perspectiva transaccional en lugar de una bidireccional.

Acknowledgements

The guidance and feedback from Dr. Brian Boyd throughout this project was invaluable. Feedback from Drs. Ruth Humphry, Antoine Bailliard, Amelia Gibson and Iheoma Iruka was incorporated to maintain rigor during the entire research process. Finally, this study would not be possible without the 12 incredible mothers who shared their stories.

Portions of this data were presented at the 2017 annual meeting of Society for the Study of Occupations: USA (SSO: USA) in Seattle, Washington.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Additional information

Funding

This project was funded in part by The Graduate School, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

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