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Articles

Occupation, injustice, and anti-Black racism in the United States of America

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Pages 487-499 | Accepted 22 Jul 2020, Published online: 20 Sep 2020
 

ABSTRACT

In the summer of 2020, the death of George Floyd – yet another unarmed Black man killed at the hands of police – thrust race and racism to the forefront of public attention in the United States. Across the country, demonstrators and protestors mobilized to end police brutality, one mechanism of systemic racism in this country’s history and present. As this paper explores, occupation too has played a role in the systemic racism against Black people in the United States. In recent years, occupational scientists have critiqued tacit assumptions regarding the qualities and effects of occupation. The following examination contributes to this growing body of critical literature and considers that occupation can be a vehicle for injustice as much as justice. By investigating the construction of race and the dissemination of racism, including its propagation through everyday living, the role of occupation in community formation and development is more fully understood. In pursuing this goal, we hope to reveal the real and often unacknowledged history of racism in the United States that must be recognized and confronted to move toward reconciliation, healing, and social transformation. This exploration uncovers powerful moments when occupation and everyday doing were conduits through which racism was constructed and calls upon occupational scholars to be reflective and critical in their research and practice in order to optimally support the people they serve.

2020年夏天,乔治·弗洛伊德(George Floyd)的死---另一名手无寸铁的黑人丧生于警察手中---将种族和种族主义推向了美国公众关注的最前沿。全国各地的示威者和抗议者动员起来,以制止警察的野蛮行径。警察施暴是该国历史上和现今的系统性种族主义机制之一。正如本文所探讨的,活动在美国针对黑人的系统种族主义中也发挥了作用。近年来,生活活动科学家对有关活动的质量和影响的默认假设提出了批评。下面的研究就是不断增长的批评性文献的一部分,并认为生活活动不仅是正义的,而且也可以成为不公正的手段。通过调查种族组成和种族主义的传播,包括其在日常生活中的传播,人们更加了解了生活活动在社区形成和发展中的作用。为了实现这一目标,我们希望揭露美国在种族主义方面的真实的且往往未被承认的历史。为了实现和解、康复和社会转型,必须承认和面对这一历史。这项探索暴露出生活活动和日常工作成为构建种族主义的渠道的一些时刻,并呼吁生活活动学者在研究和实践中具有反思性和批判性,以便为所服务的人们提供最佳支持。

En el verano de 2020, la muerte de George Floyd —otro hombre negro desarmado asesinado a manos de la policía— puso la raza y el racismo en el centro de la atención pública de Estados Unidos. En todo el país se movilizaron manifestantes para poner fin a la brutalidad policial, un mecanismo de racismo sistémico en la historia y el presente de ese país. Este artículo da cuenta de que la ocupación también ha desempeñado cierto papel en el racismo sistémico contra los afroamericanos de Estados Unidos. En los últimos años, los científicos ocupacionales han criticado las suposiciones tácitas sobre las cualidades y los efectos de la ocupación. El análisis realizado aquí contribuye al creciente conjunto de literatura crítica, planteando que la ocupación puede ser un vehículo de injusticia o de justicia. Al investigar la construcción del concepto de raza y la difusión del racismo, incluida su propagación en la vida cotidiana, puede comprenderse mejor el papel desempeñado por la ocupación en la formación y el desarrollo de la comunidad. En busca de este objetivo, esperamos dar a conocer la historia real y a menudo desconocida del racismo en Estados Unidos, la cual debe ser reconocida y confrontada en aras de avanzar hacia la reconciliación, la sanación y la transformación social. Este examen descubre momentos álgidos en que la ocupación y el quehacer cotidiano fueron conductos a partir de los cuales se construyó el racismo. En consecuencia, el artículo apela a que los estudiosos de la ocupación sean reflexivos y críticos en sus investigaciones y prácticas, a fin de apoyar de manera óptima a las personas a las que sirven.

This article is part of the following collections:
JOS 30th Anniversary Collection

Acknowledgements

We thank the Racial Equity Institute for facilitating our deeper understanding of US history through their trainings and workshops. We also thank Morgan Cooper for her assistance and feedback in clarifying and exploring the ideas within this paper.

Disclosure Statement

The authors have no conflict of interest regarding the contents of this article and will not receive any financial or other benefit from the publication of this article.

Notes

1 John Rolfe, Pocahontas, and their family were legally determined ‘white’ (the Pocahontas Exception) by this law due to the position of power John Rolfe held (Harris, Citation1993).

2 A notable instance of this dehumanization occurred in 1787, when southern politicians advocated for the 3/5ths compromise—counting only 3 out of every 5 slaves as part of the constituency—to strategically increase representation and power in congress.

3 As was seen in the case of a bird watcher, Christian Cooper, in New York City (Vera et al., Citation2020) and more severely in the murder of Ahmaud Arbery (Fausset, Citation2020).

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