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ABSTRACT
Spur gears for many applications make use of profile shapes that are modifications of the mathematically defined involute to avoid premature tooth contact and unfavourable transmission error. It is well known that specification of the involute modification is important as it relates to the resulting performance, vibration and gear noise. In this research, a hybrid analysis method using finite elements and contact mechanics was used to investigate the effects of linear, parabolic and exponential tooth profile modifications on performance of an involute spur gear pair. For each type of modification, 10 different magnitudes of tip relief were used to study its influence on static transmission error (STE), tooth loads, root stresses and contact stresses. Peak-to-peak transmission error, root mean square transmission error and total area per cycle transmission error were used to characterise STE. Multiple output responses were calculated including the STE characteristics, tooth loads, tooth root stresses, contact stresses, gear moments and bearing forces to compare and contrast the type and magnitude of the tooth modification. Results show that linear modification produced low root stresses; parabolic modification produced low STE, contact stress, gear moment variations, and bearing force variations; exponential modification produced nearly the same STE characteristics over a wide range of tip modification magnitudes.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Wasiq A.M. Abdul
Wasiq A.M. Abdul is a graduate research assistant in the department of IMET at Bradley University, Peoria Illinois, USA, and a certified manufacturing engineer (CMfgE). He holds a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering and is currently pursuing a masters in manufacturing engineering. His research interests include design and analysis of spur gears with tip relief, analysis of damaged gears, six sigma to optimise surface roughness and design for manufacturability.
Timothy L. Krantz
Dr. Timothy Krantz has worked since 1987 as a research engineer at the NASA Glenn Research Center. He has researched many topics for power transmissions and spacecraft mechanisms, with an emphasis on helicopter gearbox technologies. His present roles at NASA include member of the NASA Engineering Safety Center’s Mechanical Systems Discipline Team, Technical Lead for the Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology Project and primary investigator for gearing experiments that supports an assessment of a mechanism for the James Webb Space Telescope. Dr. Krantz is a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Iqbal Shareef
Dr. Iqbal Shareef is a professor of industrial and manufacturing engineering at Bradley University in Peoria Illinois, USA. He has BS, MS, PhD in mechanical engineering. During his tenure at Bradley University for last 32 years, he has taught graduate and undergraduate courses in areas of manufacturing processes, design for manufacturing, optimal design and tribology. He has more than 70 publications. He is a registered professional engineer in the state of Illinois and a member of National Council of Engineering Examiners and Surveyors (NCEES) and has written more than 100 PE questions to date. He is a member of ASM, ASME, SME, TMS, ISPE, NSPE, Tau Beta Pi and Sigma Xi.