ABSTRACT
Diesel engines are commonly employed for transportation and power generation. Injection of diesel into the cylinder plays a crucial role towards cycle efficiency and emission regulations. The literature overview of several parameters, such as swirl ratio, injection timing, exhaust gas recirculation, fuel temperature and combustion chamber geometry, is presented in this review work. It is suggested that Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations inside the cylinder are useful for predicting the flow field, combustion and pollutant formation. Future directions are indicated for further research on direct injection diesel engines.
Acknowledgments
Author gratefully acknowledges the research grant (ECR/2018/000133) received from Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), DST, India in carrying out this research work.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Nomenclature
3-Z 3 zones
bTDC before Top Dead Centre
BDC Bottom Dead Centre
C Celsius
CA Crank Angle
CAD Computer-Aided Design
CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics
CO Carbon monoxide
DI Direct injection
deg degrees
ECFM extended coherent flame model
EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation
HC Hydrocarbons
HCCI Homogeneous charge compression ignition
IT Injection timing
J Joule
NOx Oxides of nitrogen
Oh Ohnesorge number
P Pressure (bar)
PM particulate matter
Re Reynolds number
SR Swirl ratio
SMD (D32) Sauter Mean Diameter
T Temperature (K)
TDC Top Dead Centre
We Weber number
Greek symbols
ε turbulent eddy dissipation rate [m2/s3]
γ ratio of specific heats
λ equivalence ratio
μ dynamic viscosity
ρ density
σ surface tension
θ crank angle
Data Availability Statement
The work presented in this review study relates to the collection of articles in the relevant field for the past 20 years or before. DOI of the referred articles is presented and hence there is no specific data available to be shared due to the nature as a review article.
Additional information
Funding
Notes on contributors
R. Manimaran
Manimaran Renganathanis presently working as an Associate Professor in the Thermal & Automotive Research Group, School of Mechanical Engineering at VIT Chennai campus. He has received his Ph.D in the area of investigation of reacting and non-reacting flows in CI engine with an extension to HCCI concept. He has research interests in the experimental investigation of performance and emission in a CI engine powered by hydrogen and diesel controlled by ECU. Other interests include the renewable wave energy extraction from ocean waves, machine learning algorithms applied to swirling flows during suction stroke in CI engine and general computational fluid dynamic analyses involving the temperature separation in vortex tube. Much of his work can be witnessed at manimaranweb.wordpress.com (personal webpage).