Ogden model for characterising and simulation of PPHR Rubber under different strain rates

ABSTRACT

Pphr rubber with different Carbon percentage is extensively used in engineering applications such as tyres, in which it may be subjected to impact loading leading to high strain rate deformation. This causes large deformations to happen at a variety of strain rates of the material. For this reason, the Babylon industrial company in Iraq suggested a modification of the rubber material used in manufacturing tyres by using different percentages of Carbon black to study the mechanical properties of these materials over a range of loading conditions. Also, the high strain rate and with break strain dependent on their properties provides further reasoning for the research. As for this, the material being irradiated by five percentages of Carbon black makes it vital within the manufacturing process of specific tyres. This work aims to characterise the effects of Carbon percentage on the mechanical properties of pphr rubber. The material was irradiated by five different percentages of Carbon black of pphr rubber dose, Carbon black 30 pphr, Carbon black 40 pphr, Carbon black 50 pphr, Carbon black 60 pphr, and Carbon black 70 pphr. It is a mechanical response, which was studied with the help of uniaxial tensile tests with different strain rates. Previous experimental results are utilised within the Ogden’s Model to obtain the parameters for the simulation of the material response using the finite element method (FEM) for comparison purposes. Ogden’s Model with first, second, and third-order equations to provide the simulation of the tensile test curves is compared to the experimental curves. Ultimately, it was found that values up to N = 3 produced reasonable results with varying values of pphr and that any value higher only resulted in error within the simulation.

KEYWORDS:

• Ogden model
• pphr rubber
• strain rates
• Rubber
• carbon black
• rubber mechanical properties

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Data Availability Statement

The data that supports these findings are openly available at Zenodo at https://zenodo.org/record/4396263#.X-o-Y9j7TIU contained within the attached file.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).