Adaptive monitoring using causative conceptual models: assessment of ecological integrity of aquatic ecosystems

ABSTRACT

Ecosystem monitoring often fails to provide the right information to evaluate and guide environmental stewardship due to a lack of diagnostic capacity, long-term operational resources, explicit monitoring objectives and rigorous sampling designs. Our objective is to describe a monitoring framework that addresses these failures by including causative conceptual models and the concepts of adaptive monitoring and management. Resources are rarely available to monitor all ecosystem components, so identifying priorities is vital for the success of a monitoring program. An ecological risk assessment combining available information and expert opinion on threats and their consequences to the ecosystem can be used to prioritise monitoring and identify explicit objectives. A Pressure-Stressor-Response conceptual model forms the causative understanding of the ecosystem and the model components underpin the factors in the risk assessment. In this way, field sampling can validate the priority of ecosystem threats; provide information for refinement of conceptual understandings and guide efficient management activity. Repeated risk assessments using updated data and information can identify successful management and the increase and establishment of threats. Updated risk assessments can change threat priorities and therefore monitoring and assessment hypotheses and objectives can change. This ability to change underlies the concepts of adaptive monitoring and management.

KEYWORDS:

• River health
• threats
• risk
• ecological integrity
• adaptive monitoring

Acknowledgments

Melissa Dobbie, Bronwyn Harch, Glen Moller, David Scheltinga, Andrew Moss, Christopher Marshall, Glenn McGregor, Alisha Steward, Louisa Davis, Ryan Woods, Andrea Prior, and Satish Choy have all contributed in various ways to development, testing and refinement of the Q-catchments and the Stream and Estuary Assessment Program (SEAP) approach. These people, plus many other Queensland Government staff and volunteers, have also assisted with field sampling for undertaking Q-catchments and SEAP assessments of catchments throughout Queensland. Sampling in the Wenlock River catchment was conducted under Queensland Government’s Scientific Use Registration Certificate Number 456; General Fisheries Permit 159452 and animal ethics permit SA 2014/04/463. We would also like to thank the traditional owners, staff at the Steve Irwin Wildlife Reserve and other landholders who assisted with site access.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government.