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ABSTRACT
In contrast to the extensive research regarding tourist flows on the international, intranational, interregional, intercity, intracity and tourism-spot scales, little attention has been paid to the cross-provincial boundary perspective. In view of the fact that China's provincial administrative boundaries have a long history and a profound influence on the society, culture and economy of neighboring provinces, this study focuses on tourist-flow networks in China that cross ‘provincial’ boundaries. Tourist-flow data from a questionnaire survey and travel-agency-recommended routes were acquired, and the social network analysis method and boundary effect analysis were adopted for the first time to study the cross-boundary tourist flows. Lugu Lake in China was selected for the case study. The spatial distribution and impact factors of cross-boundary tourist flows are discussed, and a scientific basis for future collaborations among cross-boundary tourism destinations is provided. The following conclusions are reached. (1) The spatial structure of cross-boundary tourist-flow networks is complex. There is a core–periphery structure, and each node assumes different roles and functions. (2) Cross-boundary tourist flows are significantly influenced by the boundary-shielding effect, and the properties, direction and extent of the effects are diverse and depend on accessibility, resource endowments, resource heterogeneity and the extent of regional integration. (3) Cross-boundary tourist flows are affected by a boundary-mediating effect, and structural holes play a critical role in the boundary-mediating effect and drive the integration of regional tourism.
摘要
相比于大量关注国际、国内、区际、城际、城市及景区内部尺度的旅游流研究,很少有研究涉及跨省级行政边界的旅游流这一议题。中国省级行政边界的历史源远流长, 对边界两侧的社会、文化和经济现象产生了深远的影响。鉴于以上事实,本文将视角聚焦于中国跨省级行政边界的旅游流网络。本文通过问卷调查和旅行社网站获取旅游线路数据,首次采用了社会网络分析与边界效应分析的方法研究跨界旅游流,并以中国的泸沽湖地区作为案例,探讨了跨界旅游流的空间分布及影响因素,为未来跨界旅游地合作提供了科学依据。结果表明: (1)跨界旅游流网络的空间结构复杂,并存在核心-边缘结构,各节点在网络中有不同的角色和功能,如旅游核心、旅游集散中心、旅游通道、重要旅游目的地、一般旅游目的地和边缘旅游目的地; (2)跨界旅游流受边界屏蔽效应的显著影响,且影响的性质、方向和程度因网络中节点的可达性、资源禀赋、资源异质性及区域一体化程度的差异而不同; (3)跨界旅游流也受边界中介效应的影响,位于结构洞位置的节点是发挥边界中介效应,推动区域旅游一体化的关键。
Acknowledgements
We would like to express our sincere appreciation to Prof. Alan A. Lew and Prof. Shaul Krakover with their valuable advices and suggestions to improve this study. I am also indebted to the anonymous referees for helpful comments.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Notes
1. Clique analysis is a module in the software of social network analysis. It can be used to identify node sets that have a positive, direct and close relationship among members in a tourist-flow network.
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Notes on contributors
Hongsong Peng
Hongsong Peng is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Land Resources and Tourism Sciences at Nanjing University Nanjing, China. His research interests include tourism geography, tourism environmental impact and tourism planning.
Jinhe Zhang
Jinhe Zhang is a professor and director of the Department of Land Resources and Tourism Sciences at Nanjing University, China. His research interests include tourism geography, tourism environmental impact and human geography.
Zehua Liu
Zehua Liu is a lecturer in the Department of Land Resources and Tourism Sciences at Nanjing University, China. His research interests include tourism geography and tourism statistics.
Lin Lu
Lin Lu is a professor and director of the Center for Tourism Research and Planning, School of Territorial Resources and Tourism at Anhui Normal University, China. His research interests include tourism geography and tourism management.
Lu Yang
Lu Yang is a master student in the Department of Land Resources and Tourism Sciences at Nanjing University, China. Her research interests include environmental impact assessment and tourism planning.
