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Original Articles

I hear dead people: science, technology and a resonant universe

J'entends les morts: la science, la technologie et un univers résonant

Escucho muertos: ciencia, tecnología y un universo resonante

Pages 719-733 | Published online: 01 Oct 2007
 

Abstract

In recent years the simplistic categorization of Victorian practices and beliefs as either ‘occult’ or ‘scientific’ has been undercut by a series of revisionist analyses that point to an over-arching concern with influence and effect, a concern that was manifest across the sciences and humanities and beyond into popular culture. This paper sets out to further problematize such a distinction via an exploration of twentieth-century research into electronic voice phenomena (EVP), celebrated by its adherents as proof of a spiritual plane of existence beyond the readily observable or audible. In doing so, I focus on the work of one of the most active EVP researchers, Konstantin Raudive, as well as the web pages of the World Instrumental Transcommunication organization, drawing out the pivotal role of technology in the construction of this form of knowledge and some of its associated imaginative geographies. In and of itself, EVP research tells us much about the authoritative status of cause and effect explanatory frameworks, as well as the innocence accorded technological apparatus. An examination of how EVP has been received within academia, however, also reveals how, in our ‘post’-positivist academic environment, efforts are still being made to locate explanation within the human subject, as the charge is made that EVP researchers suffer from a logocentrism or are witness to Freud's doppelgänger. In response to these critiques, I pose the question: can the willingness of EVP researchers to abandon such human-centered certainties resonate with emergent ‘post-human’ ideas on the nature of explanation itself?

Les catégories élémentaires «occulte» ou «scientifique» décrivant les pratiques et croyances victoriennes ont été, au cours des dernières années, remises en cause par une série d'analyses révisionnistes dirigées vers une préoccupation globale de l'influence et de l'effet, laquelle s'est révélée autant dans les sciences et les lettres que la culture populaire. Cet article vise à approfondir la problématique entourant cette distinction en examinant la recherche du vingtième siècle sur le Phénomène de voix électronique (PVE) dont les adhérents préconisent comme élément de preuve de l'existence d'un monde spirituel se situant au-delà du facilement visible et audible. Ce faisant, j'aborde les travaux de Konstantin Raudive qui est l'un des chercheurs les plus actifs dans l'étude du PVE ainsi que les pages du site web de l'organisation World Instrumental Transcommunication, en mettant en lumière le rôle pivot de la technologie dans l'élaboration de cette forme de connaissance et de ses géographies imaginatives sous-jacentes. En soi, la recherche sur le PVE nous dit beaucoup sur le statut autoritaire des cadres explicatifs concernant la cause et l'effet et sur l'innocence donnée aux appareils technologiques. Un examen de la façon dont le PVE a été accueilli par les universitaires démontre toutefois aussi comment, dans notre milieu universitaire ‘post’-positiviste, des efforts sont toujours engagés afin de situer l'explication au sein du sujet humain, car on accuse les chercheurs qui se penchent sur le PVE de souffrir de logocentrisme ou d'être témoins du doppelgänger de Freud. Réagissant à ces critiques, je soulève la question quant à savoir si la disposition des chercheurs qui se penchent sur le PVE sont disposés à abandonner de telles certitudes sur la centralité de l'être humain trouve en effet un écho parmi les idées «post-humaines» émergentes sur la nature de l'explication?

En los últimos años, la categorización simple de los costumbres y creencias victorianos como o ‘ocultos’ o científicos ha sido desafiado por una serie de análisis revisionistas, los cuales indican una preocupación con influencia y efecto, una preocupación que se manifestaba a través de las ciencias y humanidades y hasta en la cultura popular. Este papel pretende problematizar aún más esta distinción mediante una exploración de trabajo investigativa del siglo veinte sobre el Fenómeno de la Voz Electrónica (FVE), celebrado por sus adherentes como prueba de un plano de existencia más allá de lo fácilmente observado o escuchado. Tengo como enfoque el trabajo de uno de los investigadores de FVE más activos, Konstantin Raudive, así como las páginas Web de la organización Mundial de Transcomunicación Instrumental y subrayo el papel fundamental de la tecnología en la construcción de este tipo de conocimiento y algunas de las geografías imaginativas asociadas con ello. La investigación de FVE nos dice mucho sobre el estatus autoritario de los marcos explicativos de causa y efecto, además de la inocencia acordada a los aparatos tecnológicos. Un estudio de cómo el mundo académico ha recibido el FVE revela cómo en nuestro entorno académico pospositivista todavía hacen esfuerzos para colocar explicación dentro del sujeto humano, cuando dicen que los investigadores de FVE sufren de un logocentrismo o son testigos del doppelgänger de Freud. Como respuesta a estas críticas, planteo la pregunta: ¿puede la voluntad de los investigadores de FVE de abandonar estas certezas humanocéntricas resonar con las ideas emergentes poshumanas sobre la naturaleza de la explicación en sí?

Acknowledgements

I am very grateful to the three referees who offered a series of constructive comments on the initial submission, and for the close reading provided by Dan Sage.

Notes

1 The book was translated into English in 1971 under the title Breakthrough: An Amazing Experiment in Electronic Communication with the Dead. The book is also available online at < http://www.worlditc.org/c_03_raudive_break_first.htm>. All of the Raudive references and quotes used in the paper are from the online version, and thus have no page numbers.

2 Though EVP is by no means the most pervasive of today's so-called occult practices it is estimated that there are over 50,000 EVP sites on the internet (CitationAlcock n.d.). What is more, it is becoming increasingly visible through various mediums including cable television and the internet. In 2005, for example, EVP came to broader public consciousness through the Hollywood film White Noise, in which a devastated widower begins to discern the voice of his dead wife through various electronic apparatus.

3 With regard to World ITC, all references and quotes are drawn from their website at < http://www.worlditc.org/>.

4 This ‘Spirit Map’ also bears a marked similarity to ‘Swedenborgian space,’ named after the eighteenth-century Swiss philosopher, inventor and spiritualist Emanuel Swedenborg. Swedenborg claimed that objects in physical space can be differentiated by space and time—they have an absolute location within these dimensions. In contrast, objects in the spiritual world are differentiated by their proximity to God. To be close is to be in Heaven, to be far is to be in Hell.

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