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Articles

Gendered networks and migration decision-making in Northern Vietnam

Réseaux sexualisés et décisions migratrices en Viet Nam du nord

Redes clasificados por género y tomar decisiones de migración en el norte de Vietnam

Pages 419-434 | Published online: 22 Jul 2011
 

Abstract

This paper examines the gender aspect of migrant networks, particularly the different ways networks are expected to assist men's or women's migration during migration decision-making processes. Through the case study of a farming community in Northern Vietnam, it shows that migrant networks are not gender neutral and, more importantly, men and women capitalise on different functions of networks to facilitate their migratory endeavours. Whilst men tend to be connected to relatively more extended networks primarily for practical support, women are more likely to be tied to family networks, which provide them with not just information and practical support but also social protection. These gender-specific expectations and uses of migrant networks have important implications for men's and women's mobility. The paper provides new insights into the way migration choices are made by men and women and at the same time underscores the importance of understanding migrant networks in researching migration.

Cet article examine l'aspect sexualisé des réseaux migrants, en particulière les différents façons dans lesquelles on s'attend à ce que les réseaux aident la migration des hommes ou des femmes pendant les processus de prise de décisions en migration. A travers l'étude de cas d'une communauté agricole en Viet Nam du nord, nous montrons que les réseaux migrants ne sont pas neutres en termes de sexualisation, et ils sont d'autant plus important que les hommes et les femmes profitent des fonctions différents des réseaux pour faciliter leurs entreprises itinérantes. Alors que les hommes sont en général plutôt liés aux réseaux relativement plus étendus pour les soutiens pratiques, il est plus probable que les femmes sont liés aux réseaux familiales, lesquels leur fournissent non pas seulement de l'information et du soutien pratique mais aussi la protection sociale. Ces attentes spécifiques aux sexes et les utilisations des réseaux migrants ont de nombreuses implications importantes pour la mobilité des hommes et des femmes. L'article apporte de nouveaux aperçus sur la façon de prendre les décisions migratrices des hommes et des femmes et à la même fois souligne l'importance de comprendre les réseaux migrants pour la recherche de la migration.

Éste articulo se examina el aspecto de género de los redes de migración, particularmente las formas diferentes de que los redes están anticipados ayudar la migración de hombres o mujeres durante los procesos de tomar decisiones de migración. A través la investigación de una comunidad granjera en el norte de Vietnam, se muestra que los redes de migración no son de género neutro, y que los hombres y mujeres se utilizan funciones diferentes de los redes para facilitar sus esfuerzos migratorios. Mientras los hombres tienden estar más conectados a redes extendidos por apoyo práctico, las mujeres tienden estar conectadas a redes familiares, cuales las provee con no sólo información y apoyo práctico sino protección social. Éstas expectaciones y usos de los redes migratorios tienen implicaciones importantes para la movilidad de hombres y mujeres. El articulo se provee nuevas perspicacias a como los hombres y mujeres se deciden migrarse y a la vez se subraya la importancia de entender los redes migratorios en el estudio de migración.

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank Catherine Locke, Janet Seeley and the two anonymous referees for their insightful comments on earlier versions of this article.

Notes

1. Scrap dealers buy and sell old, discarded and recyclable items such as paper, metal and plastic. In Vietnam, most of them work door-to-door, buying things from private households and reselling them to wholesalers.

2. To ensure their anonymity, research participants and the research site (the village and commune) have been given fictitious names in this paper. Names of the province and district have not been changed.

3. The official statistics just account for the registered movements while large numbers of temporary and seasonal migrants do not register their moves with local authorities.

4. That neighbours are highly valued is illustrated by this popular saying ‘Bán anh em xa, mua láng giê`ng gâ`n’ (‘Sell distant kinsmen to buy neighbours next door’).

5. Thang Loi Village socio-economic report for the 1998–2002 period.

6. One sao is equal to 360 m2.

7. The VND–USD exchange rate was around 16,000VND to US$1 during the time of the research.

8. For discussion of the theory of cumulative causation, see Massey (Citation1990).

9. For those who had made multiple migratory moves by the time of the interview, interview questions focused on the last move.

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