1,277
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Special Section: Geographies of Dying and Death

Connecting global health interventions and lived experiences: suspending ‘normality’ at funerals in rural Tanzania

, &
Pages 262-281 | Received 30 Oct 2013, Accepted 16 Feb 2015, Published online: 28 May 2015
 

Abstract

In this paper, we use the funeral space and its liminal nature as a milieu for exploring how a ‘modern’ health intervention, the mosquito bednet, is negotiated by its recipients in relation to its (non)-usage in such spaces. With a focus on sleeping arrangements at funerals and drawing on empirical data from participants living in rural southern Tanzania, we discuss how the bednet is linked to the notion of being unsympathetic to the death. Viewed as a symbol of modernity and a reflection of wealth and individual pride, the bednet becomes physically and symbolically inappropriate in the more sacred, ‘in-between’ site of the funeral. We also uncover how risk perceptions regarding malaria transmission are re-cast in funeral spaces, with socio-cultural practices and health-related behaviours being simultaneously ‘risky’ for individual mourners and reinforcing in terms of group social cohesion. As individual mourners' concerns about malaria risks are suspended, notions of pain and discomfort come to the fore as part of the mourning process and respect for the deceased.

Conectando intervenciones de salud globales y experiencias vividas: la suspensión de la ‘normalidad’ en los funerales en la Tanzania rural

En este trabajo se utiliza el espacio funerario y su carácter liminal como ámbito para explorar cómo una intervención de la salud ‘moderna’, el mosquitero, es negociada por sus destinatarios en relación con su (no) uso en dichos espacios. Con un enfoque en salas de descanso en los funerales y basándose en datos empíricos de los participantes que viven en zonas rurales del sur de Tanzania, se discute cómo el mosquitero está vinculado a la noción de ser indolentes a la muerte. Visto como un símbolo de modernidad y un reflejo de la riqueza y el orgullo individual, el mosquitero se convierte en algo física y simbólicamente inapropiado en el espacio más sagrado e intermedio del funeral. También se descubre cómo las percepciones de riesgo en relación con la transmisión de la malaria son reestructuradas en espacios funerarios con prácticas socio-culturales y comportamientos relacionados con la salud, siendo esto a la vez ‘arriesgado’ para dolientes individuales y de refuerzo en términos de cohesión de grupo social. Ya que las preocupaciones individuales de los dolientes sobre los riesgos de la malaria son nociones en suspenso de dolor y malestar, salen a la luz como parte del proceso de duelo y del respeto a los difuntos.

Faire le lien entre les interventions en matière de santé mondiale et les expériences vécues: suspension de la « normalité » aux enterrements en Tanzanie rurale

Dans cet article, nous utilisons l'espace funéraire et sa nature liminale en tant que milieu d'exploration de la façon dont une intervention sanitaire « moderne », la moustiquaire pour lit, est négociée par ses bénéficiaires par rapport à son (à sa non-) utilisation dans de tels espaces. En nous concentrant sur les dispositions d'hébergement au moment des obsèques et en nous inspirant des données empiriques de la part des participants vivant en Tanzanie du sud rurale, nous débattons du fait que la moustiquaire pour lit est liée à la notion de manque de compassion envers la mort. Vue comme un symbole de modernité et un reflet d'opulence et de fierté individuelle, la moustiquaire devient physiquement et symboliquement inconvenante sur les lieux plus sacrés et « intermédiaires » des obsèques. Nous dévoilons aussi comment les perceptions de risque concernant la transmission de la malaria sont perçues différemment dans les espaces funéraires, les pratiques socio-culturelles et les comportements associés à la santé étant simultanément « à risques » pour les individus endeuillés et à effet de renforcement en ce qui concerne la cohésion du groupe social. Alors que les craintes de risque de malaria des individus en deuil sont en sursis, les notions de douleur et d'inconfort passent en premier, faisant partie du processus de deuil et du respect envers le défunt.

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge colleagues involved in the larger project particularly Mathew Alexander, Henk van den Berg, Gerry Killeen, Rose Nathan, Robert Sumaye and Chris Thomas. We thank Beccy Thomas for community survey data analysis. Finally we are indebted to the research participants who gave their time to take part in the study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1. An interdisciplinary two and a half year study (2007–2010) to explore the relationships between natural resource management and health-related behaviours, funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.

2. Durham University, Ifakara Health Institute, and the National Institute for Medical Research, Tanzania.

3. Although our focus is on practices in rural villages, ongoing work by one of us indicates that views of bednet usage at funerals as inappropriate also extend to the city of Dar es Salaam.

4. A type of stretcher made from material from trees and on which dead bodies were carried home by villagers following a death in hospital. The body was covered by a bed sheet and tied onto the stretcher with ropes. This ancient practice has now been made illegal and punishable by a fine.

Additional information

Funding

The research described was supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [Grant Number R21ES014585]. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences or the National Institutes of Health.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.