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Articles

Tourists’ walking rhythms: ‘doing’ the Tunis Medina, Tunisia

Rythmes des touristes à pied: promenade dans la Medina à Tunis, en Tunisie

Los ritmos de caminar de los turistas: ‘haciendo’ la Medina de Túnez, Túnez

Pages 295-314 | Received 29 Jul 2014, Accepted 04 Mar 2016, Published online: 26 Apr 2016
 

Abstract

The contemporary medina of Tunis is intimately connected to the various urban development stages of the city at large. Despite its UNESCO status and undisputable attractions, the medina is peripheral to Tunisian tourism development. Yet its maze of streets is walked on a daily basis by numerous tourists, who bring flair, choreographies and rhythms which also constitute the medina. While there are a growing number of studies focusing on tourists’ movements, using technologies that allow for accurate mapping of timespace trajectories, I argue that we have much to learn from the embodied ways in which tourists move in an unknown terrain. Inspired by Lefebvre’s rhythmanalysis, this paper explores tourists’ rhythms and modes of walking, including their performances, body languages, stops and advances, and gaze interactions. Drawing on a combination of mobile methodologies, interviews and online comments, I argue that tourists engage in many different walking rhythms, which shift quickly according to the situation. It is the complex manner in which tourist bodies, rhythms and urban forms intersect within the contemporary city that contributes to the construction of the city itself.

Résumé

La médina contemporaine de Tunis est étroitement liée aux différentes étapes de l’ensemble du développement urbain de la ville. Malgré son statut d’UNESCO et ses attractions touristiques incontestables, la médina est secondaire par rapport au développement touristique tunisien. Pourtant, au quotidien, de nombreux touristes se promènent dans le dédale de ses ruelles et apportent une touche de style, des chorégraphies et des rythmes, qui eux aussi constituent la médina. Bien qu’il y ait un nombre croissant d’études qui se concentrent sur les mouvements des touristes, en utilisant des technologies qui permettent une cartographie exacte des trajectoires spatio-temporelles, je soutiens que nous avons beaucoup à apprendre des façons incarnées dont les touristes se déplacent sur un terrain inconnu. Inspiré de l’analyse du rythme de Lefebvre, cet article explore les rythmes et les modes de promenade des touristes, incluant leurs comportements, langage corporel, arrêts et progrès, ainsi que les interactions de leurs regards. En m’appuyant sur un ensemble de méthodologies modernes, d’entretiens et de commentaires en ligne, je soutiens que les touristes pratiquent de nombreux rythmes de déambulations, qui changent vite selon la situation. C’est la façon complexe dont les corps des touristes, les rythmes et les formes urbaines se croisent dans une grande ville contemporaine qui contribue à la construction de la ville même.

Resumen

La medina de Túnez contemporánea está íntimamente conectada con las diferentes etapas de desarrollo urbano de la ciudad en general. A pesar de haber sido reconocida como patrimonio mundial por la UNESCO y de sus atractivos indiscutibles, la medina se mantiene periférica al desarrollo turístico de Túnez. Sin embargo, su laberinto de calles es transitado diariamente por numerosos turistas, que aportan estilo, coreografías y ritmos que también constituyen la medina. Si bien hay un número creciente de estudios que se centran en los movimientos de turistas, utilizando tecnologías que permiten obtener una cartografía precisa de las trayectorias de espacio y tiempo, se argumenta que tenemos mucho que aprender de las formas corporales en la que los turistas se mueven en un terreno desconocido. Inspirado por el análisis del ritmo de Lefebvre, este trabajo explora los ritmos y modos de caminar de los turistas, incluyendo sus actuaciones, lenguajes corporales, paradas y avances e interacciones de miradas. Sobre la base de una combinación de metodologías móviles, entrevistas y comentarios en línea, se argumenta que los turistas se involucran en muchos ritmos para caminar diferentes, que cambian rápidamente de acuerdo a la situación. Es la manera compleja en la que los cuerpos de los turistas, los ritmos y las formas urbanas se cruzan dentro de la ciudad contemporánea lo que contribuye a la construcción de la propia ciudad.

Acknowledgements

This research was possible, thanks to an EU Mare Nostrum Scholarship (2011-4050/001-001-EMA2). My thanks go to Souad Chouk and Habib Ben Boubaker for their guidance in Tunis, and to La Manouba University for hosting me. Thanks also to Therese Kenna and Denis Linehan for the constructive comments on a previous version of this paper, and to the editor and the anonymous referees for extremely helpful and valued comments.

Notes

1. To a smaller degree than Morocco and Algeria, Tunisia became a popular destination for artist travellers (Benjamin, Citation2003), and in the late nineteenth century, after a certain popularization of Carthaginian heritage with Flaubert’s novel Salammbô (1862), artists like Victor Prouvé or Paul Klee, made trips to Tunisia in search of the Orient, new lifestyles, landscapes and colours (see Benjamin, Citation2003, p. 138). Study trips to El Jem were frequent.

2. On this topic see also Escher and Schepers (Citation2008, p. 139), who argue that ‘The Medina is preserved, shaped and promoted as a symbol of national identity’.

3. Reopened in 2012 after a 10 million euro facelift funded by the World Bank.

4. In 2012, 582,601 tourists arrived at La Goulette, a number on the rise (cruise industry news, accessed March 2014 http://www.cruiseindustrynews.com).

5. The 5th and last edition does not include this map but only a textual description of it.

6. All used quotes are from Trip Advisor. Here, only the year is mentioned as not always the author's name is known.

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