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Research Articles

Transspecies liminality: unpacking the politics and patchy legitimization of urban human-cat relations

Liminalidad trans-especies: desentrañando las políticas y legitimación irregular de las relaciones entre humanos y gatos.

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Pages 928-946 | Received 05 Apr 2021, Accepted 13 Jan 2023, Published online: 16 May 2023
 

ABSTRACT

Urban human-cat relations depend on complex and contingent systems of overlapping policies, ordinances, and laws. Cats defy anthropocentric binaries and boundaries. In response to the problematic use of the term ‘feral’, a term rife with negative associations, many government agencies, including those in Miami-Dade and Broward Counties in Florida, have rebranded this population as ‘community’ cats. This investigation explores the transspecies liminality experienced by both free-roaming, or ‘community’, cats and their urban caretakers. While government-run animal shelters boast the successes of trap-neuter-return (TNR) programs and the concomitant increase in ‘live-releases’ from the shelters, the experiences of cats who live in perilous urban spaces, facing vehicular injury, animal cruelty, and even death, subverts these politically-driven narratives. The uneven acceptance and treatment of these cats results in the development of informally organized networks of cat caretakers whose experiences share the challenging, contentious, and often dangerous experiences of the cats for whom they care. Sociolegal constructions and rituals produce the experience of liminality for more than just human or animal individuals. The result is a transspecies liminality of shared experiences, struggles, and relations beyond the targeted population or species, which has implications for how researchers approach the implementation of nonhuman governance policies.

Resumen

Las relaciones urbanas entre humanos y gatos dependen de sistemas complejos y contingentes de políticas, ordenanzas y leyes superpuestas. Los gatos desafían los límites y dicotomías antropocéntricas. En respuesta el uso problemático de la palabra ‘salvaje’, un termino plagado de asociaciones negativas, muchas agencias gubernamentales, incluidas las de los condados de Miami-Dade y Broward en Florida, han renombrado esta población como gatos ‘comunitarios’. Esta investigación explora la liminalidad trans-especie que experimentan los gatos callejeros o ‘comunitarios’ y sus cuidadores urbanos. Si bien los refugios administrados por el gobierno aclaman el éxito de los programas de captura-esteriliza-devuelve, (TNR) y el acompañante aumento de las ‘liberaciones vivas’ de los refugios, las experiencias de los gatos que viven en los espacios urbanos peligrosos, enfrentando lesiones vehiculares, crueldad animal, e incluso la muerte, subvierte estas narrativas impulsadas por la política. La aceptación y trato desigual de estos gatos dan como resultado el desarrollo de redes informales organizadas de cuidadores de gatos cuyas experiencias comparten los desafíos, polémicas y a menudos las experiencias peligrosas de los gatos a quienes cuidan. Las construcciones socio-legales y los rituales producen una experiencia de liminalidad para más que humanos o individuos animales. El resultado es una liminalidad trans-especie de desafíos y experiencias compartidas, y relaciones más allá de la población o especie objetivo, lo que tiene implicaciones sobre cómo los investigadores abordan la implementación de políticas de gobernanza de no humanos.

Acknowledgments

I wish to thank Susannah Barr, Angelena Conant, and Ruthie Menendez Estrada for their unwavering commitment to helping me develop the ideas in this paper. Special thanks go to the human and cat participants and public records custodians; this paper would have been impossible without their contributions. Special thanks go to the editors and anonymous reviewers without whom these arguments’ clarity would not be possible.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.

Additional information

Funding

The work was supported by the University Graduate School, Florida International University [Doctoral Evidence Acquisition Fellowship].

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