Gaza Enclave: Victim, Enemy, Rival

Abstract

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Notes

1. For a comprehensive definition of enclave see Vinokurov Evgeny, A Theory of Enclaves (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books 2007).

2. Mient Jan Faber and Mary Kaldor, ‘Report on Human Security in Palestine’ (May 2007), available at <http://www.lse.ac.uk/Depts/global/2securitypub.htm>.

3. Alexander Wendt, Social Theory of International Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1999).

4. Evgeny (note 1) pp. 1–8.

5. Alexander Justin, Conflict, Economic Security and Closure in Gaza (Oxford Research Group 2007).

6. Abbas Shiblak, ‘Statelessness among Palestinian Refugees’, paper presented at the Stocktaking Conference on Palestinian Refugee Research, Ottawa, Canada, 17–20 June 2003, p. 3.

7. Avi Shlaim, The Politics of Partition: King Abdullah, the Zionists, and Palestine, 1921–1951 (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1990).

8. Justin (note 5) p. 8.

9. Elisha Efrat, The West Bank and the Gaza Strip: A Geography of Occupation and Disengagement, (London and New York: Routledge 2006) p. 167.

10. Sara Roy, The Gaza Strip: The Political Economy of De-Development (Washington, DC: Palestine Studies Institute 1995) p. 66.

11. Ibid., pp. 23–24.

12. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, under ‘Fatah’.

13. Roy (note 10) pp. 117–134.

14. Herve Kempf and Jerome Equer, Gaza: Life in Cage (New York: Algora Publishing 2006).

15. Loren D. Lybarger, Identity and Religion in Palestine: The Struggle between Islamism and Secularism in the Occupied Territories (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press 2007) p. 195.

16. House of Commons International Development Committee, Development Assistance and the Occupied Palestinian Territories (Jan. 2007) p. 27.

17. Sari Bashi and Kenneth Mann, Disengaged Occupiers: The Legal Status of Gaza (Tel Aviv: Gisha Jan. 2007).

18. Ali Abu-Shahla, Anat Cygielman, and Ata Qaymari, ‘Bringing Peace Together: The Annapolis Peace Initiative Monitoring Report’ (2008) p. 9.

19. Fawaz Turki, ‘The Palestinian Estranged’, Journal of Palestine Studies 5/1–2 (Autumn 1975–Winter 1976) pp. 82–96.

20. Justin (note 5) p. 5.

21. Moshe Dayan quoted by Mordechai Bar-On, The Gates of Gaza: Israel's Defense and Foreign Policy 1955–1975 (Tel Aviv: Am Oved Publishers 1992) p. 155.

22. Lybarger (note 15) p. 193.

23. Dayan quoted by Bar-On (note 21); Wikpedia, the free encyclopedia, under ‘Nachal Oz’.

24. Avi Shlaim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World (New York: W. W. Norton & Company 2001).

25. Efrat (note 7) p. 176.

26. Human Rights Watch, ‘Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories: Indiscriminate Fire Palestinian Rocket Attacks on Israel and Israeli Artillery Shelling in the Gaza Strip’ (2007).

27. The Muslim Brothers (Arabic al-ikhwān al-muslimūn, full title The Society of the Muslim Brothers, often simply al-ikhwān, the Brotherhood or MB) is a transnational Sunni movement and the largest political opposition organisation in many Arab nations, particularly Egypt. It was founded by the Egyptian schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna in 1928. The Brotherhood is dedicated to the credo: ‘Allah is our objective. The Prophet is our leader. Qur'an is our law. Jihad is our way. Dying in the way of Allah is our highest hope.’ The Brotherhood's stated goal is to instill the Qur'an and Sunnah as the “sole reference point for … ordering the life of the Muslim family, individual, community … and state”. See Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, under ‘Muslim Brotherhood’.

28. ‘The Quartet on the Middle East, sometimes called the Diplomatic Quartet or Madrid Quartet or simply the Quartet, is a foursome of nations and international and supranational entities involved in mediating the peace process in Israeli-Palestinian conflict.’ See Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, under ‘The Quartet.’

29. International Crisis Group, update, 11 Sept. 2008, p. 15.

30. Stuart A. Cohen, ‘The Futility of Operation Cast Lead’, BESA Center Perspectives Papers No. 68, 16 Feb. 2009, available at <http://www.biu.ac.il/SOC/besa/perspectives68.html>.

31. Avi Shlaim, The Iron Wall (note 24).

32. Lybarger (note 15) p. 194.

33. James Piscaory, ‘Foreword’, in Jeroen Gunning, Hamas in Politics: Democracy, Religion, Violence (London: Hurst & Company) p. vii.

34. Shaul Misha and Avraham Sela, The Hamas Wind – Violence and Coexistence (Tel Aviv: Miskal – Yedioth Ahronoth Books 1999) pp. 14–15.

35. Jonathan Schanzer, Hamas vs. Fatah: The Struggle for Palestine (New York: Palgrave Macmillan 2008).

36. John West, ‘PLO Rival Hamas Silent In Arafat Homecoming’, Chicago Sun-Times, 4 July 1994.

37. Patrick Cockburn, ‘Arafat Arrests 120 in Crackdown on Hamas’, The Independent, 28 Feb. 1996.

38. ‘Arafat Gambles With Crackdown on Hamas’, Guardian, 24 June 2002.

39. Piscaory (note 28) p. vi.

40. Abu-Shahla, Cygielman, and Qaymari (note18) p. 9.

41. Ibid., p. 11

42. Yousef Munnayer, The Aftermath of the War on Gaza and Israeli Elections: Problems and Prospects Facing Palestinians (Washington, DC: Research Institute 2009) p. 18.

43. Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research, PSR Poll No. 31, March 2009.

44. Faber and Kaldor (note 2) p. 4.

45. International Crisis Group (note 28) pp. 17–18.

46. ‘Strategic Pragmatism’, Al-Ahram On-line Weekly, 9–15 Feb. 2006.

47. Taghreed El-Khodary and Ethan Bronner, ‘Addressing U.S., Hamas Says It Grounded Rockets’, The New York Times, 4 May 2009.

48. Ali Ozdogan, ‘The Dispute over the Holy Land: Palestine-Israel Conflict’, available at <http://www.geocities.com/aliozdogan/Palestine.doc>.