Cure kinetics of a composite friction material with phenolic resin/rubber compounds as organic binder

ABSTRACT

Cure kinetics of a friction material with different proportions of rubber/resin as organic binders are investigated. The effect of including two different phenolic resins with different B-transformation times is also analysed. An experimental characterisation is done using both a moving die rheometer and an industrial press. Then, predictive models based on Kamal–Sourour, Isayev, and Claxton–Liska equations are defined. Results showed that a higher amount of resin delivered lower induction times and better fitted phenomenological methods. Higher content of resin and resin with lower B-transformation time led to faster curing reactions at laboratory and industrial scales. Samples with no resin presented an induction time that greatly depended on temperature and fitted worse than the models.

KEYWORDS:

• Kinetics
• cross-linking
• composites
• rheometry
• thermosets

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the help and support provided by the Quality Assurance Laboratory and the R&D Department at Knorr-Bremse Pamplona. Especially the Laboratory technicians and the prototyping and friction testing areas whose collaboration made the present research work possible.

Author contributions

Pablo Monreal: term, conceptualisation, methodology, investigation, data curation, resources, writing original draft. Laura Ciérvide, Maite Idareta, and Raúl Orzanco: investigation. Isabel Clavería: term, writing reviewing and editing, supervision.

Data availability

The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time due to legal or ethical reasons.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).