The effect of PTSD on interpersonal relationships: Issues for emergency service workers

Traumatic events can have a major impact on attachment behavior and interpersonal relationships. In addition to the detrimental effects of post-trauma symptomatology, the traumatic experience can become embedded in the memory structure of the individual causing a progressive avoidance of interpersonal triggers. The traumatic experience may also have detrimental effects on self-awareness, intimacy, sexuality and communication all of which are key elements to the maintenance of healthy interpersonal relationships. Investigations into the effect of PTSD on interpersonal relationships should focus on a longitudinal model of attachment. Pre-traumatic coping mechanisms may be altered by the traumatic experience, and the relationship between pre-traumatic, epi-traumatic and post-traumatic attachments should be addressed.