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Acknowledgements
My analysis in this article has benefited greatly from Odd Arne Westad's inspiring new book, as well as extensive discussions with my colleague, Steve Stern, and the excellent graduate students enrolled in the seminar we co-taught at the University of Wisconsin during the Spring 2005 semester: “The Cold War as World Histories.”
Notes
[1] See CitationSaid, Orientalism; idem, Citation Culture and Imperialism . For two very thoughtful assessments of Said, and his relevance for the study of international history in particular, see CitationRotter, “Saidism without Said”; Yaqub, Containing Arab Nationalism, 11–15, 269–76. Said's arguments were not original, and many prior scholars anticipated his criticism of Cold War scholarship. Nonetheless, Said's work crystallized a point of view, inspired many young scholars (especially in the emerging field of postcolonial studies), and transformed basic assumptions about how one should write international history.
[2] CitationSaid, Culture and Imperialism , xxiii.
[3] For some of the best representative works in this genre see: CitationBradley, Imagining Vietnam and America ; CitationGrandin, The Last Colonial Massacre ; CitationLittle, American Orientalism ; CitationCitino, From Arab Nationalism to OPEC ; CitationMcCormick, America's Half Century .
[4] For some of the best representative works in this genre see: CitationConnelly, “Taking Off the Cold War Lens”; idem, Citation A Diplomatic Revolution ; CitationAnderson, The Spectre of Comparisons ; CitationJoseph et al., Close Encounters of Empire ; CitationChakrabarty, Provincializing Europe ; CitationChatterjee, A Princely Impostor?
[5] I will not provide page numbers in my references to the book because I have only had access to a copy of the manuscript in typescript. The pagination of the published book will not match the typescript.
[6] In addition to CitationWestad's Global Cold War , see CitationGleijeses, Conflicting Missions ; CitationQiang, China and the Vietnam Wars ; CitationChen, Mao's China and the Cold War ; CitationGaiduk, The Soviet Union and the Vietnam War ; Citationidem, Confronting Vietnam .
[7] On the Sino-Soviet split, see CitationWestad, Brothers in Arms .
[8] Some of the few works that give serious attention to Soviet policy in the ‘third world’ include: CitationMcMahon,Citation The Limits of Empire ; Citationidem, The Cold War on the Periphery ; CitationHahn, Caught in the Middle East ; CitationLerner, The Pueblo Incident ; CitationYaqub, Containing Arab Nationalism .
[9] CitationWestad, The Global Cold War is particularly strong on this point, see chapters 1–2.
[10] Westad, The Global Cold War is particularly strong on this point, chapters 3–4.
[11] CitationDuiker, Ho Chi Minh: A Life . See also CitationWestad, The Global Cold War , chapter 3.
[12] See chapters 3 and 4, and the conclusion.
[13] See Eugen Weber's classic book on nationalism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Citation Peasants into Frenchmen . I made a similar argument about global social awakenings in my book, Citation Power and Protest . See also CitationSuri, “The Cultural Contradictions of Cold War Education.” Westad's book adds important evidence for this argument from the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Africa in particular. I am particularly grateful to Steve Stern for helping me to clarify this argument and understand its complex implications.
[14] On this point, see CitationGaddis, We Now Know , 155–8.
[15] CitationMacDonald, Adventures in Chaos . See also CitationShafer, Deadly Paradigms ; CitationLatham, Modernization as Ideology .
[16] Westad, The Global Cold War, chapter 4.
[17] Westad, The Global Cold War, chapter 5.
[18] Westad, The Global Cold War, chapters 6 and 10.
[19] Westad, The Global Cold War, chapters 8 and 10.
[20] Westad, The Global Cold War, chapter 7.
[21] For two insightful studies of this dynamic in the cases of France and Cuba respectively, see CitationLawrence, Assuming the Burden ; CitationFursenko and Naftali, “One Hell of a Gamble.”
[22] On this point, see also CitationGaddis, We Now Know , 187–8.
[23] For representative samples of this enormous literature see: CitationWilliams, The Tragedy of American Diplomacy ; CitationCumings, Parallax Visions ; CitationWallerstein, World-Systems Analysis .
