Large eddy simulations of sheet-to-cloud cavitation transitions with special emphasis on the simultaneous existence of the re-entrant jet and shock waves

Abstract

Sheet-to-cloud cavitation transitions are very complex owing to the simultaneous appearance of the re-entrant jet and shock waves. The objective of this paper is to investigate the physics of compressible cavitating flows with emphasis on the simultaneous existence of the re-entrant jet and shock waves. A compressible cavitating solver, which considers the compressibility effects of both the liquid and the vapour, was used to account for the different shedding characteristics induced by the re-entrant jet mechanism (RJM), the shock wave mechanism (SWM), and both the re-entrant jet and the shock waves (RJM-SMW). The solver used Large Eddy Simulations (LES) and the Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model. The numerical results are first compared with available experimental data [1] which showed satisfactory agreement for various aspects of the flow, including the pressure distribution, cavity shapes, condensation front speed, and shedding frequency. The results first show three different cavity shedding processes induced by the re-entrant jet and the shock waves. Frequency analyses show that the shock waves produce a wider frequency distribution which indicates that shock waves induce more shedding than the re-entrant jet. The quasi-periodic characteristics of the transitions between the various cavity shedding characteristics are mainly induced by the variations of the pressure, residual cavity volume and medium compressibility. Further analyses show that the different pressure, residual cavity volume and medium compressibility amplitudes determine the cavity shedding characteristics in the subsequent shedding cycle. When the conditions favour both the re-entrant jets and the shock wave effects, both the re-entrant jet and the shock waves impact the cavity shedding.

KEYWORDS:

• Cavitation
• re-entrant jet mechanism
• shock wave mechanism
• pressure waves
• medium compressibility

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFC3206101), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Nos. 52176041 and 12102308). The numerical calculations in this paper were done on the supercomputing system in the Supercomputing Center of Wuhan University.