Manipulating mammalian cell morphologies using chemical-mechanical polished integrated circuit chips

Abstract

Tungsten chemical-mechanical polished integrated circuits were used to study the alignment and immobilization of mammalian (Vero) cells. These devices consist of blanket silicon oxide thin films embedded with micro- and nano-meter scale tungsten metal line structures on the surface. The final surfaces are extremely flat and smooth across the entire substrate, with a roughness in the order of nanometers. Vero cells were deposited on the surface and allowed to adhere. Microscopy examinations revealed that cells have a strong preference to adhere to tungsten over silicon oxide surfaces with up to 99% of cells adhering to the tungsten portion of the surface. Cells self-aligned and elongated into long threads to maximize contact with isolated tungsten lines as thin as 180 nm. The orientation of the Vero cells showed sensitivity to the tungsten line geometric parameters, such as line width and spacing. Up to 93% of cells on 10 μm wide comb structures were aligned within ± 20° of the metal line axis. In contrast, only ~22% of cells incubated on 0.18 μm comb patterned tungsten lines were oriented within the same angular interval. This phenomenon is explained using a simple model describing cellular geometry as a function of pattern width and spacing, which showed that cells will rearrange their morphology to maximize their contact to the embedded tungsten. Finally, it was discovered that the materials could be reused after cleaning the surfaces, while maintaining cell alignment capability.

Keywords:

• Tungsten
• chemical-mechanical polish
• Vero cells
• integrated circuit
• cellular response

Classification:

• 30 Bio-inspired and biomedical materials
• 102 Porous / Nanoporous / Nanostructured materials
• 212 Surface and interfaces

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Dr Mark O’Neill of Versum Materials, LLC for support of the tungsten chemical-mechanical polished specimens. Ting Y. Tsui thanks Canadian NSERC Discovery [RGPIN-355552] for their support of this work. Jesse Quinn’s assistance in AFM imaging and Kingsley Wong, Sabin Lee, and Keiran Sawatzky’s help with data analysis are also acknowledged.