The ‘Clash of Civilisations’ Thesis as a Tool for Explaining Conflicts in the Contemporary World

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Notes

1 The analysis, opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this viewpoint are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the UK MOD or any other government agency.

2 Samuel P. Huntington, ‘The Clash of Civilizations?, Foreign Affairs 72/3 (1993) p.22 of pp.22–49.

3 This summary is drawn from Huntington (note 2) and Samuel P. Huntington, ‘The Clash of Civilisations’, The Sunday Times, 14 Oct. 2001.

4 Huntington (note 2) p.24.

5 Huntington (note 3).

6 John Gray, ‘Global Utopias and Clashing Civilisations: Misunderstanding the Present’, International Affairs 74/1(1998) pp.3–4 of pp.149–64.

7 Robert W. Cox, ‘Thinking about Civilisations’, Review of International Studies 26/5 (Dec. 2000) p.218 of pp.217–34.

8 Bruce M. Russett, John R. O’Neal and Michaelene Cox, ‘Clash of Civilisations, or Realism and Liberalism Déjà vu? Some Evidence’, Journal of Peace Research 37/5 (2000) p.592 of pp.583–608.

9 Dieter Senghaas, The Clash within Civilisations (London: Routledge 1998) p.74.

10 Ibid. p.89.

11 Saqeb Mueen, ‘Fallout from the War in Iraq: Domestic Echoes in Foreign Policy?’, RUSI Journal 148/3 (June 2003) p.31 of pp.26–32.

12 Cox (note 7) p.220.

13 Ibid. p.221.

14 Senghaas (note 9) p.75.

15 Gray (note 6) p.9.

16 Senghaas (note 9) p.82.

17 Russett et al. (note 8) p.595.

18 Ibid. pp.599–600.

19 Ibid. p.602.

20 Charles J. Dick, ‘Conflict Spills into the 21st Century’, Jane’s Intelligence Review 11/12 (Dec. 2000) p.48 of pp.5–40.

21 Isabelle Duyvesteyn, ‘Contemporary War: Ethnic Conflict, Resource Conflict or Something Else?’, Civil Wars 3/1 (Spring 2000) p.111 of pp.92–116.

22 Thomas F. Homer‐Dixon, ‘Environmental Scarcities and Violent Conflict, Evidence from Cases’, International Security 19/1 (Summer 1994) pp.5–40.

23 Ibid. pp.17–18.

24 David A. Lake and Donald Rothschild, ‘Containing Fear, The Origins and Management of Ethnic Conflict’, International Security 21/2 (Fall 1996) p.44 of pp.41–75.

25 Homer‐Dixon (note 22) pp.19–20.

26 Dick (note 20) p.48.

27 Daniel Byman and Stephen van Evera, ‘Why They Fight: Hypotheses on the Causes of Contemporary Deadly Conflict’, Security Studies 7/3 (Spring 1998) pp.25–7 of pp.1–50.

28 Duyvesteyn (note 21) p.97.

29 Gray (note 6) p.6.

30 Byman and van Evera (note 27) p.37.

31 Senghaas (note 9) p.75.

32 Byman and van Evera (note 27) pp.33–5.

33 James Kurth, ‘Religion and Ethnic Conflict – in Theory’, Orbis 45/1 (Spring 2001) p.283 of pp.281–94.

34 Ibid. p.293.

35 Ibid. p.290.

36 Matthew J. Morgan, ‘The Origins of the New Terrorism’, Parameters 33/1 (Spring 2004) pp.29–30 of pp.29–43.

37 Ibid. p.36.

38 Gray (note 6) p.10.

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Notes on contributors

Alex Osborn

Major Alex Osborn, British Army, ICSC (L) 1.