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Acknowledgement
This paper was first delivered at a conference organised by the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA) on ‘Security Dynamics in Southeast Asia: Emerging Threats and Responses’, in Delhi, India, on 9 February 2007.
Notes
1 See David C. Rapoport, ‘Modern Terror: History and Special Features’, in Andrew T. H. Tan (ed.), The Politics of Terrorism: A Survey (London: Routledge 2006) p.4.
2 See Bruce Hoffman, ‘The Confluence of International and Domestic Trends in Terrorism’, Terrorism and Political Violence 9/2 (Summer 1997) pp.1–15.
3 Rohan Gunaratna, Inside Al Qaeda: Global Network of Terror (London: Hurst 2002) p.221.
4 ‘Islamist’ is a term that is used to refer only to those who subscribe to radical, violent interpretations of Islam, not to Muslims or to Islam in general.
5 See for instance, Greg Barton, Jemaah Islamiyah: Radical Islamism in Indonesia (Singapore UP 2005), and David Wright‐Neville, ‘Dangerous Dynamics: Activists, Militants and Terrorists in Southeast Asia’, Pacific Review 17/1 (March 2004) pp.27–46.
6 For an example of this debate, see Isabelle Duyvesteyn, ‘How New is the New Terrorism?’, Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 27 (2004) pp.439–54.
7 As documented by Gunaratna, Inside Al Qaeda (note 3) see Chapter 4.
8 See ibid. pp.175–6.
9 ‘Bush Details Foiled 2002 Al Qaeda Attack on Los Angeles’, CNN News, 9 Feb. 2006, 〈http://www.cnn.com〉 accessed on 4 Oct. 2006.
10 See International Crisis Group, Al Qaeda in Southeast Asia: The Case of the Ngruki Network in Indonesia, Asia Briefing No. 20, 8 Aug. 2002, 〈http:/www.crisisgroup.org〉 accessed on 4 Oct. 2006.
11 Some of these key figures are discussed in Andrew T.H. Tan, A Political and Economic Dictionary of Southeast Asia (London: Europa 2004).
12 Interview with a retired senior Malaysian military commander in Feb. 2006. See also Andrew T.H Tan, Security Perspectives of the Malay Archipelago: Security Linkages in the Second Front in the War Against Terrorism (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar 2004) p.119.
13 Tan, Politics of Terrorism (note 1) pp.116–17.
14 Sukhumbhand Paribatra and Chai‐Anan Samudavanija, Chai‐Anan, quoted in Lim Joo Jock and S. Vani (eds.), Armed Separatism in Southeast Asia (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 1984) p.32.
15 Gunaratna, Inside Al Qaeda, p.185. See also Straits Times, 4 Nov. 2002, p.A6, which reported the very strong denials of the MILF spokesperson of alleged links with Al‐Qaeda.
16 Mindanao Times Interactive News, 〈mindanaotimes.com.p/news〉, 2 March 2002.
17 Ibid., 18 April 2002.
18 Ibid., 13 June 2002.
19 Ibid., 22 Oct. 2002.
20 Ibid., 25 Oct. 2002.
21 Interview with a leading Acehnese scholar. See Tan, Security Perspectives of the Malay Archipelago (note 12) pp.178–9.
22 ‘Southeast Asia Tries Shock and Awe’, Christian Science Monitor, 20 May 2003.
23 Tan, Politics of Terrorism (note 1) p.151.
24 Ibid., p.198.
25 Dana R. Dillon, ‘Thai Troubles: Combating Terror or Creating Insurgency?’ The Heritage Foundation, 8 April 2005 (http://www.heritage.org/Research/AsiaandthePacific/wm716.cfm#_ftn1).
26 Joo‐Jock and Vani, Armed Separatism in Southeast Asia (note 14) p.12.
27 Gunaratna, Inside Al Qaeda (note 3) pp.167–220.
28 Zachary Abuza, Militant Islam in Southeast Asia: Crucible of Terror (London: Lynne Rienner 2003) pp.125–87.