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Original Articles

Interreligious dialogue in schools: beyond asymmetry and categorisation?

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Abstract

Interreligious dialogue is a central objective in European and UNESCO policy and research documents, in which educational institutions are seen as central places for dialogue. In this article, we discuss this type of dialogue under the conditions of asymmetry and categorisation in two Finnish schools. Finnish education has often been lauded for its successful implementation of equity and equality by the thousands of ‘pedagogical tourists’ who visit the country's schools to witness the so-called miracle of Finnish education due to Finland's excellent results in the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) study. Through theoretically informed reading of ethnographic data, we examine how Self and Other are constructed in everyday encounters in school and how religions, religious groups and individuals become regarded as Others. We also ask whether the aims of interreligious dialogue in schools represent a viable way to learn about each other and to increase mutual understanding. The theoretical and methodological approaches derive from post-colonial, post-structural and related feminist theories as well as from recent research on intercultural education and communication.

Uskontojenvälistä dialogia pidetään keskeisenä tavoitteena monissa eurooppalaisissa ja UNESCOn poliittisissa dokumenteissa ja tutkimusasiakirjoissa, joissa koulutusinstituutiot esitetään näissä usein keskeisiksi dialogin paikoiksi. Artikkelissamme tarkastelemme arjen kohtaamisiin liittyvää uskontodialogia sekä kohtaamisissa läsnä olevaa epäsymmetriaa ja kategorisointia kahdessa suomalaisessa koulussa. Suomalaisten koulutusjärjestelmän yhdenvertaisuutta ja tasa-arvoisuutta ovat kehuneet ne tuhannet ‘koulutusturistit’, jotka ovat vierailleet Suomen kouluissa tutustumassa OECD: n Programme for international student assessment (PISA) - arvioinnin erinomaisiin tuloksiin perustuvaan suomalaisen koulutuksen menestystarinaan. Tarkastelemme etnografista aineistoamme teoriasta ammentavan etnografisen luennan avulla analysoiden sitä, kuinka itse ja toinen rakentuvat koulun arjen kohtaamisissa ja kuinka uskontoja, uskonnollisia ryhmiä ja yksilöitä pidetään toisina. Pohdimme, pystyykö kouluihin sijoittuva uskontodialogi edistämään tavoitteidensa mukaisesti keskinäistä oppimista ja lisäämään keskinäistä ymmärtämistä. Artikkelimme teoreettiset ja metodologiset näkökulmat perustuvat jälkikoloniaalisiin ja jälkistrukturalistisiin feministisiin teoretisointeihin sekä viimeaikaiseen interkulttuurisen kasvatuksen ja vuorovaikutuksen tutkimukseen.

Notes on contributors

Anna-Leena Riitaoja (M.Ed., Ph.D.) is a postdoctoral researcher in the Institute of Behavioural Sciences in the project ‘Perceptions and Constructions on Marginalisation and Belonging in Education’ (PeCMaBE) that examines exclusion and inclusion in lower secondary education through ethnographic and participatory methods. Among otherness, marginalisation and belonging her research interests include intercultural education and dialogue. She is also interested in sociology, philosophy and ethics of education as well as post-colonial and post-structural feminist pedagogies.

Fred Dervin is Professor of Multicultural Education at the University of Helsinki (Finland). He specialises in language and intercultural education, the sociology of multiculturalism and linguistics for intercultural communication and education. http://blogs.helsinki.fi/dervin

Notes

1. Translated from Finnish.

2. Butler (Citation1993) and Youdell (Citation2003) talk about subjectivities. For the purposes of this article, we talk about positions and identities.

3. The West here refers to an epistemological and geographical space of Modernity (see Santos, Citation2007).

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